Research on Selective Oxidation of Carbon and Aluminum with Introduction of CO 2 in RH Refining of Low-Carbon Steel Proc
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t, the iron and steel industries still generate large amounts of CO2 emissions. For the sustainable development of all steel industries, it is imperative that new technologies be found to reduce the CO2 emissions or utilize CO2 as a resource. In this connection, some scholars have studied the methods for cutting CO2 emissions or applying CO2 in resourceful manner. To recycle blast furnace gas, the ULCOS program in Europe was launched, which has achieved a CO2 emissions reduction of 50 pct.[1–3] The COURSE50 program was promoted in Japan to decrease the CO2 emissions by 30 pct using CO gas separation and BAOCHEN HAN and RONG ZHU are with the School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, No. 30, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China and also with the Beijing Key Laboratory of Research Center of Special Melting and Preparation of High-end Metal Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, No. 30, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China. Contact e-mail: [email protected] YIQIANG ZHU, RUNZAO LIU, WENHE WU, and GUANGSHENG WEI are with the School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, No. 30, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China. Contact e-mail: [email protected] QIANG LI is with the Nanjing Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd., Ning Steel Road, Liuhe District, Nanjing 210035, China Manuscript submitted June 5, 2018. Article published online September 21, 2018. 3544—VOLUME 49B, DECEMBER 2018
recycling.[4] Some others have introduced CO2 gas creatively into the steelmaking process.[5–23] In particular, Jin[5,6] found that CO2 gas injection into the steelmaking process, can remove the [C] in steel and achieve a smelting effect. Yi[7–14] carried out industrial tests of CO2-O2 mixed gas blown in basic oxygen furnace (BOF). The results of their study showed that the average rate of dust generation was reduced by 19.3 pct. Lv[15–17] found that, compared with blowing pure O2 in a BOF, the dephosphorization rate was increased by 13.39 pct through CO2 injection. Fruehan[18] studied the potential benefits of CO2 or Ar injection for stirring in an electric arc furnace (EAF). Gu and Zhu[19,20] introduced a CO2-Ar mixed gas into a 75t ladle furnace (LF) and found that the CO2 does not affect the quality of the molten steel. However, there have been few researches on the effects of CO2 captured from steel factories and injected during RH refining process in place of Ar gas. The advantages of RH are the degassing and removal of inclusions utilizing a high vacuum and circulation flow. Owing to the use of a vacuum chamber, the RH process can avoid the reoxidation of molten steel from air and slag, and the stirring of RH can be quite strong.[24] This process can be used to achieve a large production capacity and high efficiency. In the course of CO2 injected through snorkel nozzles under vacuum conditions in RH, CO2 can be used to increase the stirring intensity by reacting with a small amou
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