Research on the shipping network structure under the influence of Arctic routes
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Research on the shipping network structure under the influence of Arctic routes Chaojun Ding
. Zhenfu Li
Accepted: 11 September 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Arctic routes represent changes to the exsisting liner network for container shipping between Asia, Europe and North America, because they have significant potential for commercial navigation. It is necessary to analyse the changes in shipping networks under the influence of Arctic routes. This paper focuses on the analysis of the evolution of shipping networks that are affected by Arctic routes, based on building an improved complex growth network model. This model is verified by its applications to existing shipping networks. This model is applied to the shipping networks with Arctic routes, and the main findings obtained are as follows: (1) The network nodes gradually increase and the average degree of network nodes shows an upward trend. In addition, the closeness of internal links in the maritime network increase, the network tends to be in an orderly state, and the network scale is even more uneven. (2) The hub ports of the existing shipping network, which are located in East Asia, Northwest Europe and North America, show that the effects of the Arctic routes are more important. The states of some of the other ports are improved because of their superior geographical locations. (3) Then, the network in which the ports are indirectly connected to the Arctic routes is extracted. The extracted network has the largest number of ports C. Ding (&) Z. Li College of Transportation Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, China e-mail: [email protected]
in East Asia and Northwest Europe. In the network, from the perspective of the ports along the Arctic routes, the value of the Northeast Passage ports are generally higher than those of the Northwest Passage ports. The ports of Murmansk, Sabetta, and Reykjavik in the Northeast Passage have the highest values, and the port of Iqaluit is the Northwest Passage port with the largest value. Keywords Arctic routes Shipping network Evolving model Complex network Container Attraction between ports
Introduction Seaborne container transport, which makes global transportation costs lower and more convenient, has gradually become the main form of transportation in international trade since it was created in the 1950s. The importance of liner shipping can be revealed from the fact that container transportation occupies more than 70% of seaborne trade in terms of value (UNCTAD 2017). Because container transport has been evolving, many ports all over the world have formed a global shipping network (GSN). Following the decline of the Arctic sea ice, the possibility of frequent use of Arctic routes arises. The Arctic routes promote the evolution of the existing
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GSN, which provides a shortcut for shipping among the Americas, Europe and Asia. Given the context described above, it is meaningful to study the evolution
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