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Residual Stress and Its Effects on Fatigue and Fracture Proceedings of a Special Symposium held within the 16th European Conference of Fracture – ECF16, Alexandroupolis, Greece, 3-7 July 2006

Edited by A.G. Youtsos Joint Research Centre Petten, The Netherlands

A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

ISBN-10 ISBN-13 ISBN-10 ISBN-13

1-4020-5328-2 (HB) 978-1-4020-5328-3 (HB) 1-4020-5329-0 (e-book) 978-1-4020-5329-0 (e-book)

Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. www.springer.com

Printed on acid-free paper

All Rights Reserved © 2006 Springer No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.

Symposium on Residual Stress and its Effects on Fatigue and Fracture Alexandroupolis, Greece July 2006 Organized by A.G. Youtsos

Symposium Chair: A.G. Youtsos Institute for Energy, Westerduinweg 3, NL 1755 LE Petten, The Netherlands Phone: +31-224-565262, FAX : +31-224-565628 E-mail: [email protected] Symposium Co-chair: P.J. Withers Manchester Materials Science Centre, Grosvenor St., Manchester, MI 7HS, UK Phone: +44-161 306 8872, FAX: +44-161 200 3636 E-mail: [email protected]

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Preface of ECF16 Chairman Emmanuel E. Gdoutos

The “16th European Conference of Fracture,” (ECF16) was held in the beautiful town of Alexandroupolis, Greece, site of the Democritus University of Thrace, July 3-7, 2006. Within the context of ECF16 forty six special symposia and sessions were organized by renowned experts from around the world. The present volume is devoted to the symposium on “Residual Stress and its Effects on Fatigue and Fracture,” organized by Dr. A.G. (Tassos) Youtsos of the European Joint Research Center in Petten, The Netherlands. I am greatly indebted to Tassos who undertook the difficult task to organize this symposium and edit the symposium volume. Started in 1976, the European Conference of Fracture (ECF) takes place every two years in a European country. Its scope is to promote world-wide cooperation among scientists and engineers concerned with fracture and fatigue of solids. ECF16 was under the auspices of the European Structural Integrity Society (ESIS) and was sponsored by the American Society of Testing and Materials, the British Society for Stain Measurement, the Society of Experimental Mechanics, the Italian Society for Experimental Mechanics and the Japanese Society of Mechanical Engineers. ECF16 focused in all aspects of structural integrity with the objective of improving the safety and performance of engineering structures, components, systems and their associated materials. Emphasis was given to the failure of nanostructured materials and nanostructures and