Reticulate Evolution Symbiogenesis, Lateral Gene Transfer, Hybridiza

Written for non-experts, this volume introduces the mechanisms that underlie reticulate evolution. Chapters are either accompanied with glossaries that explain new terminology or timelines that position pioneering scholars and their major discoveries in t

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Nathalie Gontier Editor

Reticulate Evolution Symbiogenesis, Lateral Gene Transfer, Hybridization and Infectious Heredity

Interdisciplinary Evolution Research Volume 3

Series editors Nathalie Gontier, Lisbon, Portugal Olga Pombo, Lisbon, Portugal

About the Series The time when only biologists studied evolution has long since passed. Accepting evolution requires us to come to terms with the fact that everything that exists must be the outcome of evolutionary processes. Today, a wide variety of academic disciplines are therefore confronted with evolutionary problems, ranging from physics and medicine, to linguistics, anthropology and sociology. Solving evolutionary problems also necessitates an inter- and transdisciplinary approach, which is why the Modern Synthesis is currently extended to include drift theory, symbiogenesis, lateral gene transfer, hybridization, epigenetics and punctuated equilibria theory. The series Interdisciplinary Evolution Research aims to provide a scholarly ­platform for the growing demand to examine specific evolutionary problems from the perspectives of multiple disciplines. It does not adhere to one specific academic field, one specific school of thought, or one specific evolutionary theory. Rather, books in the series thematically analyze how a variety of evolutionary fields and evolutionary theories provide insights into specific, well-defined evolutionary ­problems of life and the socio-cultural domain. Editors-in-chief of the series are Nathalie Gontier and Olga Pombo. The Series is edited from within the Applied Evolutionary Epistemology Lab, more information on the lab is available at http://appeel.fc.ul.pt. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13109

Nathalie Gontier Editor

Reticulate Evolution Symbiogenesis, Lateral Gene Transfer, Hybridization and Infectious Heredity

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Editor Nathalie Gontier AppEEL—Applied Evolutionary Epistemology Lab University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal

ISSN  2199-3068 ISSN  2199-3076  (electronic) Interdisciplinary Evolution Research ISBN 978-3-319-16344-4 ISBN 978-3-319-16345-1  (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-16345-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015939804 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the