Return-to-Work Interventions for Low Back Pain
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Sports Med 2002; 32 (4): 251-267 0112-1642/02/0004-0251/$25.00/0 © Adis International Limited. All rights reserved.
Return-to-Work Interventions for Low Back Pain A Descriptive Review of Contents and Concepts of Working Mechanisms J. Bart Staal,1,2 Hynek Hlobil,1,2,3 Maurits W. van Tulder,2,4 Albère J.A. Köke,5 Tjabe Smid2,3 and Willem van Mechelen1,2 1 Department of Social Medicine and Research Centre on Work, Physical Activity and Health, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2 Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 3 KLM Health, Safety and Environment, Schiphol, The Netherlands 4 Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 5 Pain Management and Research Centre, Department of Physical Therapy, University Hospital, Maastricht, The Netherlands
Contents Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 Selection of Papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Description of Content and Underlying Concepts of Return-to-Work (RTW) Interventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 RTW Interventions for Low Back Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Content of RTW Interventions for Low Back Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Components of RTW Interventions for Low Back Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 Concepts of Working Mechanisms of RTW Interventions . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.1 Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.2 Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.3 Behavioural Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.4 Ergonomic Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 Aim and Methods of Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 The Scientific Basis for the Concepts of Working Mechanisms of RTW Interventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.1 Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.2 Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.3 Behavioural Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.4 Ergonomic Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.5 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 The Biopsychosocial Model and RTW Interventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Conclusions and Recommendations for Future Research on RTW Interventions
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