Reverse Engineering
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range image is calibrated allowing us to give the distance measures in physical units such as meters. ▶ Face Recognition, Component-Based
A process for achieving a direct relation between the value at a pixel and the absolute amount of thermal emission from the corresponding physical scene element. ▶ Face Recognition, Thermal ▶ Image Formation
RAIC ▶ Iris Recognition at Airports and Border-Crossings
RASTA-Filtering RASTA-filtering was originally introduced in connection with perceptual linear prediction (PLP) [4] type of preprocessing; i.e., band-pass filtering in the log spectral domain. It aims to suppress slow channel variations assumed to be additive. This filtering principle has also been applied to cepstral feature based preprocessing [21] in both the log spectral and the cepstral domains. A general RASTA filter is defined by: k
Random Forgery In signature verification, random forgeries (also known as simple forgeries) represent the case where forgers claim to be another user but use their own signature. ▶ Signature Databases and Evaluation
T ðz Þ ¼
N P n¼0
n n n2 2 z
1 px 1
;
ð1Þ
where, the numerator is a regression filter of odd order N and the denominator is a leaky integrator. A simple variant of RASTA-filtering is a sliddly window mean subtraction technique, which corresponds to a moving average filter. Filtering is normally performed in the cepstral domain (CMS). The mean corresponds to the longterm cepstrum and is normally computed on the speech part. A silence/speech detector is thus necessary. ▶ Session Effects on Speaker Modeling
Range Scans Data that has the 3D depth information of every scanned point. A scan is the reading of the information for a typically prespecified region. A range image is a collection of pixel values with corresponding depth information. In most instances, the sensor used to obtain the #
2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Raw Finger Vein Image Raw finger vein image is the original infrared finger vein image captured by a finger vein reader. It is
1110
R
Read Noise
typically a greyscale image in which finger vein patterns are imaged as dark area.
Recognition at a Distance
▶ Finger Vein Biometric Algorithm
Recognition at a distance is the process of establishing the identity of humans in a non-intrusive way from a distance, often without their knowledge. Typically, face and gait biometrics are used to perform recognition from small to mid range distance.
Read Noise
▶ Face Recognition, Video-based
For image sensors, each time when a pixel is read out, there is noise associated with the act of reading the pixel. This noise is, to first order, independent of the value of the pixel. ▶ Biometric Sensor and Device, Overview ▶ Iris Device
Real-Time 3D Surface Digitization Many 3D biometrics applications rely on laser scanners for surface digitization. Although these devices produce very accurate 3D coordinates, they have two main limitations. They are expensive thus prohibiting their use in a wide scale, and they require the user to stay sti
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