Review of ICT usage in disaster management
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Review of ICT usage in disaster management Pooja Mohan1
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Himani Mittal1
Received: 19 May 2019 / Accepted: 4 May 2020 Ó Bharati Vidyapeeth’s Institute of Computer Applications and Management 2020
Abstract Disaster management demands a near real-time information dissemination so that emergency services can be provided to the people immediately. Real time information can be easily collected with the various sources with rapid advancement of information and communication technologies. Use of ICT in different stages of disaster management is studied. Existing solutions are explored and also the study of integrated emerging ICT networks, services and applications are explored. Different techniques during evacuation s are studied. The evacuation model is proposed after comparative analysis of different ICT based technologies. Keywords Disaster Risk ICT Early warning systems Remote sensing
1 Introduction A disaster is a situation that may cause damage to a community through loss of life, damage to our environmental, or loss of economy that is beyond the capability of the community to respond [1] (UNISDR 2017). According to Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, the economic loss faced by disaster-hit countries from 1998 to 2017 was $2.9 trillion. United States is at the top with losses of nearly $1 trillion, followed by China, Japan, India & Pooja Mohan [email protected] Himani Mittal [email protected] 1
Goswami Ganesh Dutta Sanatan Dharma College, Chandigarh, India
and Puerto Rico. The UN Refugee Agency stated that the number of disasters has almost doubled in the last 20 years. Most risk prone area since 1995 was Asia–Pacific region. Most earth-quake prone countries are China, Indonesia, Iran and Pakistan. Most of the threats from sea are faced by small island states in the Pacific region and countries like the Maldives. Floods are faced by Bangladesh and parts of China and India each year. Disaster Management refers to the protection of the lives and property in huge amount whenever some kind of disaster take place whether man made or through natural phenomenon. There is a long list of disasters in India such as earth quakes, fire, floods, drought, epidemics cyclones, land sliding and hurricanes and many more. It’s due to geoclimatic condition. Some of these are unavoidable. So some kind of risk management is required which includes various methods to be adopted during different stages of disaster management cycle. There are three main stages in disaster management cycle. Pre-disaster preparedness which involves Disaster monitoring via some kind of sensors or Early warning systems to prevent it, during disaster to the reduce the damage and post-disaster that includes Recovery and Reconstruction after huge losses [2]. It’s impossible to avoid hazards but these impacts can be minimized using communication based on Information technology, an integration of telecommunications, computers, software and storage for accessing and transmitting information. ICT helps
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