Review of System Integration and Control of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Review of System Integration and Control of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Di Wu1 · Chao Peng1 · Cong Yin1,2 · Hao Tang1,2 Received: 31 October 2019 / Revised: 25 December 2019 / Accepted: 22 April 2020 © Shanghai University and Periodicals Agency of Shanghai University 2020
Abstract Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) as power systems have been widely studied in various application fields because of advantages such as cleanness and high efficiency with great progress having been made in the past decades both technologically and fundamentally. Despite the many promising developments however, technical challenges remain in terms of performance and lifespans. This is because PEMFCs are complex systems composed of various components and factors such as material property, engineering design and operating conditions can interact with each other to affect lifespans and performance. To fully understand the coupling effects of different factors on the overall performance and durability of PEMFCs, this review will comprehensively present existing research based on four aspects, including fuel cell stacks, subsystems, system integration and control strategy optimizations. First, this review will outline fuel cell stacks with their multi-physics modeling and engineering design to provide an understanding of the operating mechanisms inside PEMFC reactors. Following this, the progress of research into the structure and function of each subsystem is summarized and integration schemes for different applications are briefly presented. Finally, various control strategies for individual PEMFC subsystems to optimize energy management and dynamic performance are discussed. Keywords Proton exchange membrane fuel cell · System integration · Multi-physics coupling mechanism · Control strategy
1 Introduction PEMFCs are electrochemical devices that can directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy [1] and as compared with traditional fossil energy combustion processes, PEMFCs possess higher energy conversion efficiency and are more promising energy sources. In addition, the PEMFC reaction only produces water and zero greenhouse gases, thus alleviating current global shortages of fossil energy and reducing climate change [2–4]. As a result, PEMFCs
* Cong Yin [email protected] * Hao Tang [email protected] 1
School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610023, Sichuan, China
Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610023, Sichuan, China
2
have attracted significant attention from researchers and manufacturers. PEMFCs have also been widely used in the transportation industry due to multiple advantages, and the most common application of PEMFCs is in renewable energy vehicle engines in which to allow fuel cells to quickly meet the actual power demands of vehicles, PEMFCs are usually paired with other forms of energy storage units to create hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs)
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