Review on the Relationship Between Liquid Aerospace Fuel Composition and Their Physicochemical Properties
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REVIEW
Review on the Relationship Between Liquid Aerospace Fuel Composition and Their Physicochemical Properties Xiaoyu Wang1,2 · Tinghao Jia1,2 · Lun Pan1,2 · Qing Liu1,2 · Yunming Fang3 · Ji‑Jun Zou1,2 · Xiangwen Zhang1,2 Received: 26 August 2020 / Revised: 8 September 2020 / Accepted: 12 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The development of advanced air transportation has raised new demands for high-performance liquid hydrocarbon fuels. However, the measurement of fuel properties is time-consuming, cost-intensive, and limited to the operating conditions. The physicochemical properties of aerospace fuels are directly influenced by chemical composition. Thus, a thorough investigation should be conducted on the inherent relationship between fuel properties and composition for the design and synthesis of high-grade fuels and the prediction of fuel properties in the future. This work summarized the effects of fuel composition and hydrocarbon molecular structure on the fuel physicochemical properties, including density, net heat of combustion (NHOC), low-temperature fluidity (viscosity and freezing point), flash point, and thermal-oxidative stability. Several correlations and predictions of fuel properties from chemical composition were reviewed. Additionally, we correlated the fuel properties with hydrogen/carbon molar ratios (nH/C) and molecular weight (M). The results from the least-square method implicate that the coupling of H/C molar ratio and M is suitable for the estimation of density, NHOC, viscosity and effectiveness for the design, manufacture, and evaluation of aviation hydrocarbon fuels. Keywords Liquid hydrocarbon fuel · Physicochemical properties · Composition · Molecular structure · Fuel properties correlation
Introduction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12209-020-00273-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Lun Pan [email protected] * Yunming Fang [email protected] * Ji‑Jun Zou [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
2
Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
3
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Energy R&D Research Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
Liquid hydrocarbon fuels are the dominant energy source in global air transportation, and they have developed rapidly in recent years. However, the sustained and steadily growing demand for air transportation has resulted in the increased aviation fuel consumption, which propels the diversified development of new alternative fuels from non-petroleum resources, e.g., oil sands, oil shale, coal, natural/shale gas, biomass, etc. [1]. Meanwhile, such development also presents new challenges to the performance of liquid hydrocarbon fuels. From a long-term a
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