Rheological and Mechanical Properties, Acid Resistance and Water Penetrability of Lightweight Self-Compacting Concrete C
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RESEARCH PAPER
Rheological and Mechanical Properties, Acid Resistance and Water Penetrability of Lightweight Self‑Compacting Concrete Containing Nano‑SiO2, Nano‑TiO2 and Nano‑Al2O3 Yousef Askari Dolatabad1 · Reza Kamgar2 · Iman Gouhari Nezad1 Received: 18 February 2019 / Accepted: 9 December 2019 © Shiraz University 2019
Abstract This paper presents rheological and strength properties, acid resistance and water penetrability of lightweight self-compacting concrete (LWSCC) containing nano-SiO2 (NSi), nano-TiO2 (NTi) and nano-Al2O3 (NAl) as a partial substitute of cement. For this aim, one part of cement was replaced by 2 and 4 wt% of NSi, 2 and 4 wt% of NTi and 1 and 2 wt% of NAl. In addition, the rheological properties of LWSCCs were quantitatively evaluated by slump flow diameter, V-funnel flow time, J-ring, U-box and L-box height ratio. Then, the mechanical properties of LWSCCs were evaluated by compressive and splitting tensile strength tests at 3, 7 and 28 days of curing, while the water penetrability of LWSCC samples was evaluated by the water permeability test. The specimens were exposed to 5% sulfuric acid solution up to the age of 70 days, and the corrosion was identified in terms of mass loss and retained compressive strength. It was also found that all the LWSCCs containing nanoparticles show a good behavior in terms of deformability, passing ability and resistance to segregation. Results indicated that the incorporation of nanoparticles can improve the compressive strength, acid resistance and water penetrability of LWSCCs. In addition, the SEM tests revealed that the microstructure of LWSCCs with nanoparticles was more homogenous and compact than that of the control samples. Keywords Lightweight concrete · Admixtures · Durability-related properties · Compressive strength
1 Introduction Up to the early 1980s, scarcity of skilled labor force for compacting of concrete structures was recognized as the most important factor in reducing the durability and effective performance of such structures in Japan. For this reason, Okamura (Okamura 1999; Okamura et al. 2005, 2000; Okamura and Ozawa 1996; Ouchi and Okamura 1999), a professor of civil engineering at the Kochi University of Technology in Japan, achieved a novel concrete construction technology after performing numerous experiments. * Yousef Askari Dolatabad [email protected] Reza Kamgar [email protected] Iman Gouhari Nezad [email protected] 1
Sirjan University of Technology, Sirjan, Iran
Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
2
Okamura concluded that the compression operation did not depend on the skill of the construction workers, and the concrete can be dense under its own weight. In fact, a high level of compactness can be obtained for this type of concrete without applying any external energy. According to the definition of ACI237R-07 (ACI Committee 237 2013), the self-compacting concrete has a high performance without any segregation that can be poured into the desired area to fill the mold space (Sharifi et al. 2010). SCC
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