Rheological and Wettability Properties of Engine Oil with a Submicron Spherical Carbon Particle Lubricant Mixture
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ght © 2020 KSAE/ 11814 pISSN 12299138/ eISSN 19763832
RHEOLOGICAL AND WETTABILITY PROPERTIES OF ENGINE OIL WITH A SUBMICRON SPHERICAL CARBON PARTICLE LUBRICANT MIXTURE Abdullah Awad Alazemi1)*, Feras Ghazi Alzubi2), Abdulsalam Alhazza2), Arthur Dysart3) and Vilas Ganpat Pol3) Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Petroleum, Kuwait University, Safat 13060, Kuwait 2) Energy and Building Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat 13109, Kuwait 3) Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2100, United States 1)
(Received 26 November 2019; Revised 9 March 2020; Accepted 10 March 2020) ABSTRACTThis study examined the physical and chemical properties of engine oil with a submicron-sized carbon particle lubricant mixture. Spherical carbon particles were added to engine oil to lower the friction and wear losses. In the current study, morphological and chemical analyses of these carbon particles were performed using field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results clearly demonstrated that these spherical particles consist of a pure carbon element. In addition, the size distribution and dispersion stability of the carbon particles in the engine oil were investigated. The results revealed that the carbon particles have a diameter in the range of 200 to 700 nm, and they maintain their suspension in the engine oil for about 240 hours without using surfactants. Rheological studies were conducted to explore the effect of carbon particles on the rheological properties of the baseline oil at different temperatures and shear rates. The viscosity measurements, at temperature ranging from 5 to 60 °C, for the baseline oil and the oil-carbon particle lubricant mixture were almost identical (less than 4 % difference). Furthermore, a wettability analysis was performed to examine the effect of carbon particles on the wetting behavior of the baseline oil on a steel substrate. KEY WORDS : Solid lubricant additives, Carbon, Dispersion stability, Viscosity, Wettability
NOMENCLATURE CA CS s η τ
separates the sliding surfaces (Hamrock et al., 2004). For this reason, numerous studies have been devoted to developing new lubricants with better tribological behavior. Several research studies have revealed the viable role of different types of solid nanoparticles as additives to boost the tribological performance of liquid oils (Tarasov et al., 2002; Huang et al., 2006; Wu et al., 2007; Kalin et al., 2012; Ali et al., 2019). However, their effect on other properties (such as viscosity, wettability, etc.) of liquid lubricants was not fully investigated. It is well-known that the viscosity of oils sharply decreases as their temperature increases. Since oil lubricants are subjected to different temperatures during operation, the oil viscosity is expected to vary according to the operating temperature. This change in oil viscosity could be very critical when the temperature is too high, leading to a low oil vis
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