Richard Titmuss Welfare and Society

Richard Titmuss, Professor at the London School of Economics, adviser to governments, prolific author, was instrumental in shaping the new disciplines of Social Policy and Administration. He made a valuable contribution to social philosophy through his at

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Also by David Reisman ADAM SMITH’S SOCIOLOGICAL ECONOMICS ALFRED MARSHALL: Progress and Politics ALFRED MARSHALL’S MISSION ANTHONY CROSLAND: The Mixed Economy CONSERVATIVE CAPITALISM: The Social Economy CROSLAND’S FUTURE: Opportunity and Outcome THE ECONOMICS OF ALFRED MARSHALL GALBRAITH AND MARKET CAPITALISM MARKET AND HEALTH THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF HEALTH CARE THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF JAMES BUCHANAN STATE AND WELFARE: Tawney, Galbraith and Adam Smith THEORIES OF COLLECTIVE ACTION: Downs, Olson and Hirsch

Richard Titmuss Welfare and Society David Reisman

Second Edition

© David Reisman 1977, 2001 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First edition published 1977 by Heinemann Educational Books Second edition published 2001 by PALGRAVE Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE is the new global academic imprint of St. Martin’s Press LLC Scholarly and Reference Division and Palgrave Publishers Ltd (formerly Macmillan Press Ltd). ISBN 978-1-349-42059-9 DOI 10.1057/9780230512917

ISBN 978-0-230-51291-7 (eBook)

This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Reisman, David A. Richard Titmuss : welfare and society / David Reisman.—2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Social policy. 2. Public welfare. 3. Welfare state. 4. Titmuss, Richard Morris, 1907–1973. I. Title. HN16 .R44 2001 361.6’1—dc21 2001021633 10 10

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Contents Acknowledgements 1

vii

Introduction

1

PART ONE: The Status of Social Policy 2

The Definition of Social Policy

29

3

Some Methodological Considerations

43

4

Part One: Evaluations and Extensions

52

(a) The Sub-Division of Welfare (b) The Origins of Welfare

53 72

PART TWO: Selectivity 5

Stigma

91

6

Part Two: Evaluations and Extensions

98

PART THREE: Universalism 7

Universalism I: Social Costs and Social Benefits

113

8

Universalism II: Integration and Involvement

123

9

Universalism III: Planned Redistribution

137

10

Part Three: Evaluations and Extensions

158

(a) (b) (c) (d)

159 174 181 189

Externalities Blood Community L