Ridge Preservation Procedures: Review of Current Literature
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CLINICAL PERIODONTICS (P STATHOPOULOU, SECTION EDITOR)
Ridge Preservation Procedures: Review of Current Literature Pin-Chuang Lai 1 & Henry Greenwell 1
# Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review Alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) procedures have become one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in dentistry, due to increased demand for dental implant therapy. Previous studies have repeatedly shown a naturally healed socket could lose up to 50% of its buccolingual width, which in turn would negatively impact the future implant placement. ARP procedures have been shown to consistently reduce the amount of post-extraction horizontal and vertical bone loss; however, it is still not conclusive which biomaterial or technique is the most superior. The purpose of this article is to review current evidence on various ARP procedures. Recent Findings The electronic database search was limited to the past 3 years (publication dates between January 1, 2017, and February 29, 2020) and to human clinical studies (including controlled clinical trials and randomized controlled trials) investigating dimensional changes in alveolar sockets after various ARP techniques with outcomes measured from 3 to 6 months postoperatively. A total of 31 articles were reviewed, with approximately half of the selected studies using bovine (14) bone substitutes. Other biomaterials used in the studies included porcine bone substitutes, allografts (both freeze-dried and solventdehydrated), alloplasts (biphasic calcium phosphate, β-tricalcium phosphate, and hydroxyapatite), biologics (platelet-rich fibrin and recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2), collagen and high-density polytetrafluoroethylene membranes, and microtitanium stent. Summary Collagenated deproteinized bovine bone matrix (DBBM-C) was the most studied biomaterial in the past 3 years. Most studies showed DBBM-C plus barrier membranes resulted in comparable clinical and radiographic outcomes with DBBM and allografts. Consistent with previous studies, most of the ARP procedures reviewed in this article demonstrated effective reduction of alveolar ridge dimensional changes. Based on the selected articles and recent systematic reviews and meta-analysis, ARP procedure using bovine and porcine xenografts, as well as allografts, in conjunction with either collagen membranes or highdensity polytetrafluoroethylene membranes gives similar results and should be considered when indicated. Keywords Ridge preservation . Bone substitutes . Bone regeneration . Biomaterials . Tooth extraction . Dental implants
Introduction In 2016, a new definition of oral health, “Oral health is multifaceted and includes the ability to speak, smile, smell, taste, touch, chew, swallow, and convey a range of emotions through facial expression with confidence and without pain, discomfort, and disease of the craniofacial complex”, was approved by the FDI World Dental Federation General
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Clinical Periodontics * Henry Greenwell henry.greenwe
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