Risk and Protective Factors for Alcohol Use Disorders Across the Lifespan
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ALCOHOL (A HEINZ AND N ROMANCZUK-SEIFERTH, SECTION EDITORS)
Risk and Protective Factors for Alcohol Use Disorders Across the Lifespan Friederike Deeken 1 & Tobias Banaschewski 2 & Ulrike Kluge 3 & Michael A. Rapp 1
# The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review Losing and regaining control over alcohol intake varies as a function of individual-level predictors across the lifespan. Specifically, the interplay of protective and risk factors for losing and regaining control, particularly in real-life settings, is thus far poorly understood. Individual differences in cognition, affect, emotion regulation, social factors, and personality traits, together with individual differences in brain structure and function, and biological markers of stress exposure may have different effects on alcohol consumption in different age groups. We will review current evidence for age-specific effects for losing and regaining control over alcohol intake and propose a framework for investigation across age groups. Recent Findings We find evidence for differences in relative impact of psychosocial predictors of alcohol consumption as a function of age that varies by gender. There is theoretical reason to assume that predictors vary in the time course of their taking effect: While e.g., early trauma and personality traits may be conceptualized as more distant antecedents of alcohol consumption, cognition, affect and emotion regulation can be conceptualized as co-correlates, where variation over periods of months may go along with changes in alcohol consumption. At the same time, craving, current stressors, and priming events may serve as shortterm or immediate causes of alcohol consumption. Summary We propose a combination of longitudinal age cohorts to (i) identify individual-level differences (using latent growth curve models) and profiles (using latent growth mixture models) of the psychosocial and biological variables of interest that predict regaining or losing control, and ambulatory assessments every 2 days, in order to (ii) investigate effects of triggers and risk factors on current alcohol consumption. This approach will allow us to characterize age-related differences in the interplay between these factors in real-life settings. Keywords Alcohol use disorder . Risk factors . Protective factors . Lifespan . Age groups This article is part of the Topical Collection on Alcohol * Michael A. Rapp [email protected] Friederike Deeken [email protected] Tobias Banaschewski [email protected] Ulrike Kluge [email protected] 1
Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
2
Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
3
Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, CCM, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
Introduction There is currently convincing evidence that increases and de
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