Risk factors for mortality in elderly haemodialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Risk factors for mortality in elderly haemodialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis Yu-Huan Song1,2, Guang-Yan Cai2*, Yue-Fei Xiao1* and Xiang-Mei Chen2
Abstract Background: Older haemodialysis patients accompany a high burden of functional impairment, limited life expectancy, and healthcare utilization. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate how various risk factors influenced the prognosis of haemodialysis patients in late life, which might contribute to decision making by patients and care providers. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central were searched systematically for studies evaluating the risk factors for mortality in elderly haemodialysis patients. Twenty-eight studies were included in the present systematic review. The factors included age, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, type of vascular access, dialysis initiation time, nutritional status and geriatric impairments. Geriatric impairments included frailty, cognitive or functional impairment and falls. Relative risks with 95% confidence intervals were derived. Results: Functional impairment (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.20–1.75), cognitive impairment (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.32–1.62) and falls (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.06–1.23) were significantly and independently associated with increased mortality in elderly haemodialysis patients. Low body mass index conferred a mortality risk (OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.31–1.56) paralleling that of frailty as a marker of early death. The results also confirmed that the older (OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.22–1.68) and sicker (in terms of Charlson comorbidity index) (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.35–1.50) elderly haemodialysis patients were, the more likely they were to die. In addition, increased mortality was associated with early-start dialysis (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.01–1.37) and with the use of a central venous catheter (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.44–1.62). Conclusions: Multiple factors influence the risk of mortality in elderly patients undergoing haemodialysis. Geriatric impairment is related to poor outcome. Functional/cognitive impairment and falls in elderly dialysis patients are strongly and independently associated with mortality. Keywords: Dialysis, Mortality, Risk factor, Elderly, Geriatric, Aged
* Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA Generl Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China 1 Department of Nephrology, Aerospace Center Hospital, 15 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in
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