Robust Water Supply Chain Network Design under Uncertainty in Capacity
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Robust Water Supply Chain Network Design under Uncertainty in Capacity Marzieh Mozafari 1 & Alireza Zabihi 1 Received: 14 January 2020 / Accepted: 31 August 2020/ # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract
This paper focuses on the capacity uncertainty in water supply chains that occurs when facilities face disruption. A combination of scenario-based two-stage stochastic programming with the min-max robust optimization approach is proposed to optimize the water supply chain network design problem. In the first stage, the decisions are made on locations and capacities of reservoirs and water-treatment plants while recourse decisions including amount of water extraction, amount of water refinement, and consequently amount of water held in reservoirs are made at the second stage. The proposed robust two-stage stochastic programming model can help decision makers consider the impacts of uncertainties and analyze trade-offs between system cost and stability. The literature reveals that most exact methods are not able to tackle the computational complexity of mixed integer non-linear two-stage stochastic problems at large scale. Another contribution of this study is to propose two metaheuristics - a particle swarm optimization (PSO) and a bat algorithm (BA) - to solve the proposed model in large-scale networks efficiently in a reasonable time. The developed model is applied to several hypothetical cases of water resources management systems to evaluate the effectiveness of the model formulation and solution algorithms. Sensitivity analyses are also carried out to analyze the behavior of the model and the robustness approach under parameters variations. Keywords Water supply chain network design . Capacity uncertainty . Two-stage scenario-based stochastic programming . Robust optimization . Evolutionary algorithms
1 Introduction Water is the most critical resource of our lifetime. Ever-increasing demand for water consumption together with reduction in limited water supply force many countries to assign lots of financial credits to water resource planning, treatment, storage and distribution. Since the * Marzieh Mozafari [email protected]
1
Department of Industrial Engineering, Electronic Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Mozafari M., Zabihi A.
performance of any water supply chain depends on the design of its network, the problem of designing an optimal water supply chain network has attracted significant attention from both researchers and practitioners. A water supply chain network consists of physical infrastructures designed to extract and purify water from different water resources, and then distribute it to multiple consumption demand centers (Liu et al. 2011). Uncertainty is an inherent part of any water supply chain, which typically occurs due to climate changes, demand fluctuations, and facility failures. Obviously, neglecting uncertainty while designing a water supply chain can result in suboptimal and imprecise solutions (Maier et al. 2014). Decision makers should take supply uncertainty, whi
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