Role of autophagy in nerve cell apoptosis in mice infected with street rabies virus
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Role of autophagy in nerve cell apoptosis in mice infected with street rabies virus Fatemeh Hosseini Heydarabadi1 · Asghar Abdoli2 · Safoora Gharibzadeh3 · Mohammad Sayyah4 · Rouzbeh Bashar1 · Farzaneh Sheikholeslami1,5 Received: 15 July 2020 / Accepted: 17 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Rabies is an important zoonotic disease in Iran. Autophagy is a process that maintains homeostasis and can be used as an innate defense mechanism against viruses. Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death induced by physiological and pathological conditions. The crosstalk of autophagy and apoptosis plays a key role in rabies virus infection. In the current study, NMRI mice intra-cranially received 3-Methyl Adenine (3-MA), rapamycin, street rabies virus (SRABV) and drugs plus SRABV. SRABV and Map1lc3, Beclin-1, Atg5 gene expression were assayed by real-time PCR. Immunohistochemistry was carried out via LC3 protein staining as an autophagy marker, and apoptotic cell death was measured using a TUNEL assay. Map1lc3, Beclin-1 and Atg5 genes expression was significantly increased in drug-plus-SRBV-treated tissues compared to control at 24 hpi. Map1lc3 and Atg5 gene expression showed a slight change in the drugs-plus-virus group compared with the control at 72 hpi. The presence of LC3 in the tissues of the group treated with rapamycin plus SRBV confirmed induction of autophagy, but it was not present in the tissues treated with 3-MA plus SRBV. Our data revealed that apoptosis was induced only in the groups receiving the SRBV or rapamycin or both at 24 hpi. Apoptosis was observed after 72 hours, when the drugs’ effect had disappeared in all but the autophagy inhibitor group. Understanding the interaction of SRABV with autophagy pathway genes and its effect on host cell apoptosis may open a new horizon for human intervention and allow a deeper understanding of rabies infections. Abbreviations Atg5 Autophagy-related 5 Bcl-2/Bcl-XL B-cell lymphoma 2/ B-cell lymphoma extra large Handling Editor: Zhenhai Chen. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04815-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Farzaneh Sheikholeslami [email protected] 1
Department of Rabies, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
3
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
4
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
5
Rabies Laboratory, Virology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 75‑12 Farvardin Street, 1316943551 Tehran, Iran
CASP2 Caspase 2 CVS-11 Challenge virus standard 11 DFA Direct fluorescent antibody FFA Fluorescent focus assay hpi Hours postinfection mTOR Mammalian target of rapamycin 3-MA 3-Methyl adenine MAP1LC3 Micr
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