Role of Physician Gender in Drug Therapy
There is evidence that female patients receive less intensified drug therapy in many medical conditions than male patients. However, there are only limited data regarding the influence of physician gender on drug therapy. It has been shown, for example, t
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Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Examples of Physician Gender Influence on Medical Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Heart Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Diabetes Mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 Pain Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 Depression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 Other Medical Conditions and Facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 Overall Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 Dealing with Public and Industrial Drug Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Possible Mechanisms and Explanations for Physician Gender Differences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 Differences in Communication Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Influence of Gender Dyads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Conclusions and Clinical Implications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Abstract There is evidence that female patients receive less intensified drug therapy in many medical conditions than male patients. However, there are only limited data regarding the influence of physician gender on drug therapy. It has been
Conflict of interest: The authors report no conflict of interest relevant to this work. I. Gouni-Berthold (*) Center of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany e-mail: [email protected] H.K. Berthold Evangelical Geriatrics Center Berlin (EGZB), Charite´ University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany Lipid Clinic at the Interdisciplinary Metabolism Center, Charite´ University Medicine Berlin, Virchow Clinic Campus, Berlin, Germany V. Regitz-Zagrosek (ed.), Sex and Gender D
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