Role of Potassium in Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine

Role of Potassium in Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine: Information related to this question has accumulated for nearly a hundred years, from work in cellular physiology, experimental studies in animals, clinical trials, and from population and epidemiol

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BASIC SCIENCE FOR THE CARDIOLOGIST 1.

B. Swynghedauw (ed.): Molecular Cardiology for the Cardiologist. Second Edition. 1998. ISBN: 0-7923-8323-0

2.

B. Levy, A. Tedgui (eds.): Biology of the Arterial Wall. 1999 ISBN 0-7923-8458-X

3.

M.R. Sanders, J.B. Kostis (eds): Molecular Cardiology in Clinical Practice. 1999. ISBN 0-7923-8602-7

4.

B. Ostadal, F. Kolar (eds.): Cardiac Ischemia: From Injury to Protection. 1999 ISBN 0-7923-8642-6

5.

H. Schunkert, G.A.J. Riegger (eds.): Apoptosis in Cardiac Biology. 1999. ISBN 0-7923-8648-5 A. Malliani, (ed.): Principles of Cardiovascular Neural Regulation in Health and Disease. ISBN 0-7923-7775-3

6. 7. 8.

P. Benlian : Genetics of Dyslipidemia. 200 1

ISBN 0-7923-7362-6

D. Young: Role of Potassium in Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine. 2001 ISBN 0-7923-7376-6

KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS - DORDRECHT/BOSTON/LONDON

ROLE OF POTASSIUM IN PREVENTIVE CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE

by

David B. Young, Ph.D. University of Mississippi Medical Center, U.S.A.

KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS Boston I Dordrecht I London

Distributors for North, Central and South America: Kluwer Academic Publishers 10 1 Philip Drive Assinippi Park Norwell, Massachusetts 02061 USA Distributors for all other countries: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group Distribution Centre Post Office Box 322 3300 AH Dordrecht, THE NETHERLANDS

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Young, David B. Role of potassium in preventive cardiovascular medicine / by David B. Young. p. ; cm. - (Basic Science for the cardiologist; 8) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-7923-7376-6 (alk. paper) 1. Cardiovascular system--Pathophysiology. 2. Cardiovascular system--Diseases--Prevention. 3. Potassium--Physiological effect. I. Title. II. Series. [DNLM: I. Cardiovascular Diseases--prevention & control. 2. Cardiovascular Physiology. 3.Potassium--physiology.4. Potassium--therapeutic use. WG 120 Y69r 2001] RC669.9. Y68 2001 616.1 '05--dc21 200135419

Copyright © 2001 by Kluwer Academic Publishers All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Assinippi Park, Norwell, Massachusetts 02061 Printed on acid-free paper.

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For Susan, Brian, Matthew and Sara

CONTENTS

FOREWORD

xiii

John H. Laragh, Jr., M.D.

1

INTRODUCTION

SECTION I:

2

1

POTASSIUM REGULATION

PHYSIOLOGY OF POTASSIUM REGULATION Potassium Transport Along the Nephron Regulation of Potassium Distribution

9

10 14

Hormonal and Non-Hormonal Factors that May Affect Potassium Excretion and Distribution

17

Long-Term Regulation of Potassium: Importance of Aldosterone and Extracellular Potassium Concentration Systems Analyses of Potassium Regulation

25 31

Summary

41

INTERACTIONS BETWEEN