Role of Rare Earth Metal Ions Doping on Structural, Electrical, Magnetic, and Dielectric Behavior of Spinel Ferrites: a
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Role of Rare Earth Metal Ions Doping on Structural, Electrical, Magnetic, and Dielectric Behavior of Spinel Ferrites: a Comparative Study Salma Ikram 1 & Jolly Jacob 2 & Khurram Mehboob 3 & Khalid Mahmood 1 & N. Amin 1 & M. I. Arshad 1 & M. Ajaz un Nabi 1 Received: 30 June 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In current studies, we have compared the doping effect of different rare earth metal ions on structural, electrical, magnetic, and dielectric properties in three different series of spinel ferrites. The cubic spinel structure for all the synthesized nanoferrites had been confirmed by XRD scans and further with FTIR analysis. Crystallite size, grain size, and lattice constant are found significantly affected by nature of dopant RE3+ ions and decrease with decreasing ionic radii of dopants. Lanthanum doping showed appearance of secondary phases at dopant concentration above 0.2 that was attributed to its larger ionic radii than cerium. The magnetic parameters for all the prepared samples were discussed by tracing hysteresis curves of all synthesized samples at room temperature. Decreasing crystallite size effected spin orders which associated with ionic radii of RE3+ ions resulted in decrease in magnetization. Dopants having smaller ionic radii greatly reduced coercivity and improved initial permeability. In the temperature range 423 to 823 K, the composition-dependent DC resistivity and activation energy ranges between 109 to ~ 1010 Ωcm and ~ 2.85 eV respectively. Both dielectric loss and dielectric constant decrease with decrease in frequency. The reported characteristics made these prepared nanoferrites suitable candidates for high-frequency and microwave absorber devices. Keywords Spinel ferrites . XRD . SEM . Dielectric studies . Magnetic studies
1 Introduction Ferrites are homogeneous baked materials consisting of various oxides with iron oxides as a fundamental component. Ferrites can have some gem structures. These materials are mechanically important and have been used in many applications, including attractive account holders and attractive liquids to recover capacity and data, and enhance attractive
* Khalid Mahmood [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
2
College of Arts and Science, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
3
Department of Nuclear Engineering, College of Engineering, King AbdulAziz University (KAU), P. O. Box 80204, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
resonance imaging, catalysis, attractive drug delivery, sensors, and nuances [1]. Spinel ferrites being considered to have high magnetic permeability values are used for data storage devices and in high-frequency and microwave applications. Ferromagnetic materials, in these high-frequency devices, increase the risk of eddy current losses. Up to 90 GHz frequencies ferrites offer low losses transition temperatures up to 500 °C. Thus, spinel ferrites, having lo
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