Role of the Au and Ag nanoparticles on organic solar cells based on P3HT:PCBM active layer
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T.C. : SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS
Role of the Au and Ag nanoparticles on organic solar cells based on P3HT:PCBM active layer Hatice Kaçuş1 · Mehmet Biber2 · Şakir Aydoğan1,3 Received: 13 December 2019 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this article, P3HT:PCBM blend active layer was incorporated with Au and Ag nanoparticles (NPs) for different concentration to investigate the effects of the NPs on the performance organic solar cells (OSCs) with ITO/PEDOT:PSS/ P3HT:PCBM:NPs/LiF/Al design. The active layer was analyzed by AFM, SEM and XRD measurements. Optical energy gap of P3HT:PCBM (undoped) and P3HT:PCBM (doped) active layers were obtained using UV–visible spectroscopy for different concentrations. The photovoltaic current density–voltage measurements were carried out under air mass (AM) 1.5G solar simulation. The OSC whose active layer undoped, gave the Jsc of 17.09 mA/cm2, Voc of 0.48 V, FF of 45%, and PCE of 2.11%. Whereas, the highest values of PCE were calculated as 3.11% for doped with Au NPs (1.5 wt%) and as 3.20% for Ag NPs (0.5 wt%), respectively. In summary, Au and Ag NPs created strong local electric field enhancements and caused to a surface plasmonic effect in the active layer for some concentrations and improved the device’s PCE. Keywords Solar cells · Plasmonic nanoparticles · P3HT:PCBM blend · Power conversion efficiency
1 Introduction In recent years, organic or polymer photovoltaic devices have attracted great interest due to their advantages such as being low-cost, having mechanical flexibility, large scale roll-to-roll production capability, disposability and lightweight [1, 2]. However, organic materials have lower mobility (about 10−4 cm2/V·s), smaller life, lower stability, and short diffusion lengths with respect to inorganic materials. One significant aim of organic solar cells or photovoltaics is to improve the stability [3] and another one is to increase the efficiency of them. An organic solar cell (OSC) is composed of an organic active layer located between a transparent electrode and a metal electrode. Active layer of OSC device contains both blend film of an electron donor and an electron acceptor * Şakir Aydoğan [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
2
Fac Sci, Dept Biotechnol, Necmettin Erbakan Univ, 42060 Konya, Turkey
3
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ardahan University, 75000 Ardahan, Turkey
materials. The conjugated polymer donor and fullerene derivative acceptor are the key of photovoltaic materials for high performance of OSCs. One of the materials commonly used in active layers of OSC is P3HT:PCBM blend which is the most studied donor and acceptor materials combination, respectively [4, 5]. Numerous approaches have been reported for increase charge collection efficiency of P3HT:PCBM OSCs, such as the use of low bandgap polymers [6, 7], different solvents as additives [8, 9], the
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