ROS Signaling in Plants Under Heavy Metal Stress
Contamination of soil with toxic heavy metals is a major reason for retarded growth of crops and harmful effects on human health. Cultivation of large number of agricultural crops in contaminated soil is a major concern of environmentalist in the present
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ROS Signaling in Plants Under Heavy Metal Stress Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli, Neha Handa, Vandana Gautam, Shagun Bali, Anket Sharma, Kanika Khanna, Saroj Arora, Ashwani Kumar Thukral, Puja Ohri, Yuriy Victorovich Karpets, Yuriy Evgenovich Kolupaev, and Renu Bhardwaj
Abstract
Contamination of soil with toxic heavy metals is a major reason for retarded growth of crops and harmful effects on human health. Cultivation of large number of agricultural crops in contaminated soil is a major concern of environmentalist in the present times. Increased level of heavy metals can enter in to the food chain and may available for human consumption. Metal toxicity-induced oxidative stress eventually leads to refrained enzyme activities due to displacement of essential cofactors with other metal ions and blocking of functional groups such as carboxyl, histidyl and thiol, and proteins. Oxidative burst releases large quantities of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen, etc., which is one of the primary response of plants to heavy metal stress. Production of ROS is an inherent feature of plant cell and contributes to the process of oxidative damage leading to cell death. Its production is restricted to several cellular compartments such as mitochondria, chloroplast, and peroxisomes etc. ROS production leads to alteration of several physiological processes including degradation of enzymes, proteins, and amino acids and change in structure of cells. ROS are well described as secondary messengers in variety of cellular processes including acclimatization of cells to stress conditions. The signaling of ROS as a S.K. Kohli • N. Handa • V. Gautam • S. Bali • A. Sharma • K. Khanna • S. Arora • A.K. Thukral R. Bhardwaj (*) Department of Botanical and Environment Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India e-mail: [email protected] P. Ohri Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India Y.V. Karpets • Y.E. Kolupaev Dokuchaev Kharkiv National Agrarian University, Kharkiv 62483, Ukraine # Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017 M.I.R. Khan, N.A. Khan (eds.), Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Systems in Plants: Role and Regulation under Abiotic Stress, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-5254-5_8
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result of oxidative damage is regulated by several other signaling cascades which are interlinked. Their role has been studied under various stress conditions specifically heavy metals which leads to production of NO, H2O2, synthetic electrophilic compounds, lipid peroxidation molecules, etc. Keywords
Oxidative damage • Reactive oxygen species • Hormone signaling • Transcription factors • Hydroxyl radical
Abbreviations |
O2 ABA ACC Synthase APX As BRs Ca cADPR CAT Cd CDPKs Co Cr Cu DHAR DNA EBR EGTA
Fe GPX GR GSH GSSG H 2O H2O2 HSP I IAA
Superoxide radical Abscisic acid Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase Ascorbate peroxidase Arsenic Brassinosteroids Calcium Cyclic ADP ribose Catalase Cadmiu
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