Routing Nutrient Concentrations in a River Reach Using an Object-Oriented Modeling Based on the Concepts of System Dynam
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Routing Nutrient Concentrations in a River Reach Using an Object-Oriented Modeling Based on the Concepts of System Dynamics Maryam Ghashghaie 1 & Kaveh Ostad-Ali-Askari 2
&
Saeid Eslamian 3 & Ali Bagheri 4 & Amin Sarang 5
Received: 24 March 2019 / Revised: 1 August 2020 / Accepted: 1 September 2020 # Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
Abstract Nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) are key nutrients in eutrophication. This phenomenon has been mostly studied in lakes and reservoirs. Eutrophication could not be controlled in lakes and reservoirs due to water stationarity. In order to mitigate the rate of eutrophication, we should determine specific points in a river reach and control the rate of eutrophication by implementing possible solutions. Also we should take into account as many as possible sources of nutrients entering into water bodies in a watershed scale including farm lands and waste water to determine the point of effect in decision-making. To reach this aim, an object-oriented modeling approach based on the concepts of system dynamics (SD) is used in this paper. It aims to build a model capable of considering dynamic feedback loops influencing the flow of nutrients in a watershed for managerial purposes. A watershed composed of different sub basins is set out as a system to configure its objects and their associations. Also physical rules are used as main equations to clarify the inter-relationships of different objects within the system. In this research, the qualitative feature refers to the amount of N and P parameters, which are the main factors of eutrophication phenomenon. The results of study show that the model is capable of estimating the value of discharge and the concentration of N and P in a river reach as well. The value of R2 for both calibration and validation at Doab stations are 0.61, and 0.5 respectively. Also the value of R2 is 0.73 and 0.65 for of N and P concentration, respectively. Keywords Routing nutrients . Nutrients (N . P) . Object-oriented modeling . System dynamics
Introduction Population growth and modernization increase the rate of resources consumption. Also many environmental problems and hazards have risen due to human ignorance of natural systems. This is true about the water resources in most parts of the world.
* Kaveh Ostad-Ali-Askari [email protected]; [email protected]
Characteristics of water resources within ecosystems are influenced by human activities fundamentally as nutrients are poured into water bodies deliberately or inadvertently. Increase of nutrients in water bodies, especially by domestic, sanitary, industrial, and agricultural wastewater, increases the rate of eutrophication in rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. This fact limits the usage of water due to odor, taste, and health problems.
1
Department of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
2
Water Engineering Department, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
3
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