RST-Resilient Video Watermarking Using Scene-Based Feature Extraction
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RST-Resilient Video Watermarking Using Scene-Based Feature Extraction Han-Seung Jung School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Sillim-Dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea Email: [email protected]
Young-Yoon Lee School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Sillim-Dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea Email: [email protected]
Sang Uk Lee School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Sillim-Dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea Email: [email protected] Received 31 March 2003; Revised 5 April 2004 Watermarking for video sequences should consider additional attacks, such as frame averaging, frame-rate change, frame shuffling or collusion attacks, as well as those of still images. Also, since video is a sequence of analogous images, video watermarking is subject to interframe collusion. In order to cope with these attacks, we propose a scene-based temporal watermarking algorithm. In each scene, segmented by scene-change detection schemes, a watermark is embedded temporally to one-dimensional projection vectors of the log-polar map, which is generated from the DFT of a two-dimensional feature matrix. Here, each column vector of the feature matrix represents each frame and consists of radial projections of the DFT of the frame. Inverse mapping from the one-dimensional watermarked vector to the feature matrix has a unique optimal solution, which can be derived by a constrained least-square approach. Through intensive computer simulations, it is shown that the proposed scheme provides robustness against transcoding, including frame-rate change, frame averaging, as well as interframe collusion attacks. Keywords and phrases: scene-based video watermarking, RST-resilient, radial projections of the DFT, feature extraction, inverse feature extraction, least-square optimization problem.
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INTRODUCTION
The widespread utilization of digital data leads to illegal use of copyrighted material, that is, unlimited duplication and dissemination via the Internet. As a result, this unrestricted piracy makes service providers hesitate to offer services in digital form, in spite of the digital audio and video equipment replacing the analog ones. In order to overcome this reluctancy and possible copyright issues, the intellectual property rights of digitally recorded material should be protected. For the past few years, the copyright protection problems for digital multimedia data have drawn a significant interest with the increased utilization of the Internet. In order to protect the copyrighted multimedia data, many approaches, including authentication, encryption, and digital watermarking, have been proposed. The encryption
methods may guarantee secure transmission to authenticated users via the defective Internet. Once decrypted data, however, is identical to the original and its piracy cannot be restricted. The digital watermarking is an alternative to deal with these unlawful acts. Waterma
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