Ruthenium- and Palladium-Containing Catalysts Based on Mesoporous Polymer Nanospheres in Guaiacol Hydrogenation
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enium- and Palladium-Containing Catalysts Based on Mesoporous Polymer Nanospheres in Guaiacol Hydrogenation I. I. Shakirova, *, M. P. Boronoeva, A. V. Zolotukhinaa, A. L. Maximova, b, and E. A. Karakhanova aFaculty
bTopchiev
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received June 5, 2020; revised June 8, 2020; accepted June 11, 2020
Abstract—Catalysts Pd-NSMR and Ru-NSMR based on palladium and ruthenium nanoparticles deposited on a nanospherical mesoporous resorcinol-formaldehyde polymer are synthesized. It is shown that the average size of polymer particles is 220–250 nm and the average size of palladium and ruthenium nanoparticles is 7.2 and 2.2 nm, respectively. The catalysts are tested in guaiacol hydrogenation at a temperature of 200°С and a hydrogen pressure of 4.0 MPa. It is demonstrated that the ruthenium catalyst shows higher activity in guaiacol hydrogenation. Keywords: mesoporous polymer, nanospheres, palladium, ruthenium, guaiacol, hydrogenation DOI: 10.1134/S0965544120100102
To meet energy demands of society against the background of a gradual depletion of natural resources of nonrenewable carbon-containing raw materials the question of searching alternative energy sources arises. A way of solving this problem may be the use of biofuel obtained from the ligninocellulose biomass. Taking into account that over the past five decades the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increased by 25% relative to the previous level (from ~300 to 400 ppm) and the negative consequences of this anthropogenic effect are evident even today, biofuel becomes an extremely attractive source of energy because carbon dioxide resulting from its burning is involved in the natural carbon cycle and does not make an additional contribution to the content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere [1]. To reduce carbon dioxide emissions some countries are already using fuels containing from 5 to 100% ethanol derived from the plant raw materials or from 2 to 100% biodiesel [2].
eration nanoparticles may be immobilized in a porous matrix; alongside with conventional inorganic materials, covalent organic frameworks [8], metal-organic frameworks [9], porous organic frameworks [10], and porous aromatic frameworks [11] are used. These materials are characterized by a high specific surface area, an ordered system of pores and channels, and thermal stability and may be involved in chemical modifications. Reduction in the particle size of the polymer support enables one to additionally increase the accessibility of immobilized catalytic sites and the mass transfer rate of reactants [12]. This study concerns the synthesis of catalysts on the basis of palladium and ruthenium nanoparticles immobilized in pores of the nanospherical mesoporous resorcinol-formaldehyde polymer and their testing in the hydrogenation of a bio-oil model compound (guaiacol).
Bio-oil is inapplicable as a fuel due to a high
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