Scheme for generating 1 nm X-ray beams carrying orbital angular momentum at the SXFEL
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Scheme for generating 1 nm X-ray beams carrying orbital angular momentum at the SXFEL He-Ping Geng1,2
•
Jian-Hui Chen3 • Zhen-Tang Zhao3
Received: 29 May 2020 / Revised: 16 July 2020 / Accepted: 17 July 2020 Ó China Science Publishing & Media Ltd. (Science Press), Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Nuclear Society and Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
Abstract Optical vortices have the main features of helical wavefronts and spiral phase structures, and carry orbital angular momentum. This special structure of visible light has been produced and studied for various applications. These notable characteristics of photons were also tested in the extreme-ultraviolet and X-ray regimes. In this article, we simulate the use of a simple afterburner configuration by directly adding helical undulators after the SASE undulators with the Shanghai Soft X-ray FEL to generate high intensity X-ray vortices with wavelengths 1 nm. Compared to other methods, this approach is easier to implement, cost-effective, and more efficient. Keywords X-ray Orbital angular momentum (OAM) Synchrotron light source Free-electron laser (FEL)
This work was supported by the National Development and Reform Commission ([2013]2347) and National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2015CB859700). & Jian-Hui Chen [email protected] 1
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai 201800, China
2
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Shanghai 201210, China
1 Introduction Structured light, whose phase structures rotate when they propagate through space, has been a topic of intense research. With the development of tools and technologies for creating and detecting structured light, applications have begun to appear steadily [1]. Among these studies, the optics and laser communities are interested in phase singularity [2] and visible photons carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) [3], to provide new explanations of optical effects and develop distinct applications ranging from manipulations of small particles, driving micro-machines, and quantum computation, to optical communications [4–14]. The noteworthy attributes of photons were also demonstrated in the extreme-ultraviolet and X-ray or ever c ray [15] regions, pioneered by Peele et al. [16, 17]. Triggered by this pioneering effort, various generation methods based on particle accelerators [18–25], high-power lasers [26–29], and plasma [30, 31], as well as possible novel applications [32–38], are growing steadily. Undulators are the workhorses in third-generation synchrotron radiation light sources and free-electron lasers (FELs) for generating X-ray beams. Sasaki and McNulty [39] were the first to indicate that when electrons traveled along a spiral path in helical undulators, the harmonics produced by them carried a spiral phase. Therefore, it is proposed that t
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