Science and Technology in Historic Preservation

Technology transfer has played an increasingly important role in historic preservation during the latter half of the twentieth century, a situation attested to by the undertaking of an important congressional study in 1986 that assessed the role of federa

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ADVANCES IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND MUSEUM SCIENCE Series Editors: Martin J. Aitken, Oxford University Edward V Sayre, Smithsonian Institution and R. E. Taylor, University of California, Riverside Volume I

PHYTOLITH SYSTEMATICS: Emerging Issues Edited by George Rapp, Jr., and Susan C. Mulholland

Volume 2

CHRONOMETRIC DATING IN ARCHAEOLOGY Edited by R. E. Taylor and Martin j. Aitken

Volume 3

ARCHAEOLOGICAL OBSIDIAN STUDIES: Method and Theory Edited by M. Steven Shackley

Volume 4

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN HISTORIC PRESERVATION Edited by Ray A. Williamson and Paul R. Nickens

A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher.

Seienee and Teehnology Science Technology in Historie Historic Preservation Edited by Ьу RAY A. А. WILLIAMSON George Washington University Washington, D.C.

and PAUL R. NICKENS University of о! Arizona Tuscon, Arizona

cooperation Published in co operation with the Society for far Archaeological Sciences

SPRINGER SРЮNGЕR SCIENCE+BUSINESS SCIENCE+BUSlNESS MEDIA, LLC

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data 5cienee and teehnology in historie preservationledited by Ray A. Williamson and Paul R. Niekens. p. em.-(Advanees in arehaeologieal and museum scienee; v. 4) lncludes bilbiographieal referenees and index. ISBN 978-1-4613-6859-5 ISBN 978-1-4615-4145-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-4145-5 1. Antiquities-Colleetion and preservation. 2. Historie preservation. 3. Arehaeology-Methodology I. Williamson, Ray A. 1938- 11. Niekens, Paul R.

III.

5eries. CC135 .534 1999 930.1-de21

99-047694

ISBN 978- I -4613-6859-5 © 2000 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Kluwer Academic 1 Plenum Publishets in 2000 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 1st edition 2000

All rights reserved No part of this book may be reprodueed, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, eleetronie, meehanieal, photoeopying, mierofilming, reeording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher

Consulting Editors

Arnold Aspinall

Heather Lechtman

University of Bradford Bradford, England

Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts

Rainer Berger University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, California

Jonathan E. Ericson University of California, Irvine Irvine, California

Donald K. Grayson University of Washington Seattle, Washington

Christian Lahanier Louvre Research Laboratory Paris, France

Hisao Mabuchi Tokyo National Research Institute of Cultural Properties Tokyo, Japan

Robert Maddin Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts

Garman Harbottle

Patrick Martin

Brookhaven National Laboratory Brookhaven, New York

Michigan Technological University Houghton, Michigan

David Harris University of London London, England

W David Kingery University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona

B. Foss Leach Wellington, New Zealand

Frederick