Sea lamprey orient toward a source of a synthesized pheromone using odor-conditioned rheotaxis
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Sea lamprey orient toward a source of a synthesized pheromone using odor-conditioned rheotaxis Nicholas S. Johnson & Azizah Muhammad & Henry Thompson & Jongeun Choi & Weiming Li
Received: 12 March 2012 / Revised: 31 August 2012 / Accepted: 3 September 2012 / Published online: 22 September 2012 # Springer-Verlag 2012
Abstract Characterization of vertebrate chemo-orientation strategies over long distances is difficult because it is often not feasible to conduct highly controlled hypothesis-based experiments in natural environments. To overcome the challenge, we couple in-stream behavioral observations of female sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) orienting to plumes of a synthesized mating pheromone, 7α,12α,24-trihydroxy-5αcholan-3-one-24-sulfate (3kPZS), and engineering algorithms to systematically test chemo-orientation hypotheses. Instream field observations and simulated movements of female sea lampreys according to control algorithms support that Communicated by P. Buston
odor-conditioned rheotaxis is a component of the mechanism used to track plumes of 3kPZS over hundreds of meters in flowing water. Simulated movements of female sea lampreys do not support that rheotaxis or klinotaxis alone is sufficient to enable the movement patterns displayed by females in locating 3kPZS sources in the experimental stream. Odorconditioned rheotaxis may not only be effective at small spatial scales as previous described in crustaceans, but may also be effectively used by fishes over hundreds of meters. These results may prove useful for developing management strategies for the control of invasive species that exploit the odor-conditioned tracking behavior and for developing biologically inspired navigation strategies for robotic fish.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00265-012-1409-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Keywords Olfaction . Chemo-orientation . Biological modeling . Control algorithm . Mate searching . Agnathan
N. S. Johnson : H. Thompson : W. Li (*) Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Room 13 Natural Resources Building, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA e-mail: [email protected]
Introduction
N. S. Johnson USGS, Great Lakes Science Center, Hammond Bay Biological Station, 11188 Ray Road, Millersburg, MI 49759, USA A. Muhammad : J. Choi (*) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, 2459 Engineering Building, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA e-mail: [email protected] J. Choi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, 2459 Engineering Building, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
Odorants mediate critical life history events of organisms, from unicellular bacteria to the largest vertebrates. Upon reception of an odorant, the receiver assesses the message in the context of its environment and behaves accordingly. Subsequently, the organism will often attempt to locate the odorant source. At the scales which bacteria or single eukaryotic cell
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