Seasonal effects in endotoxin concentration at different sections of a sewage treatment plant, Delhi
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Seasonal effects in endotoxin concentration at different sections of a sewage treatment plant, Delhi Sunita Maharia . Arun Srivastava
Received: 18 June 2019 / Accepted: 4 May 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The aim of present study is to assess the seasonal effects during five different seasons on endotoxins levels at various sections (aeration tank, sludge bed, grit chamber and final settlement tank) of a sewage treatment plant. Samples for endotoxins were collected using a three-stage cascade impactor. The sampler collects particulate matters in three different sizes, viz. PM1, PM2.5 and PM10. We mainly focused on the detection of endotoxins associated with the coarse particles (PM10-2.5) and fine particles (PM2.51.0). ANOVA was employed to understand whether the difference in airborne endotoxins concentrations (EU/ m3) was significant at p \ 0.05 in different sections and during different seasons. The endotoxin concentration was found highest (125.67 ± 7.89 EU/m3) at the aeration tank in summer season and lowest (11.25 ± 2.62 EU/m3) at FST during winter season in the size range of (PM10-2.5), both are significant. Same trends were followed for fine particulate matter (PM2.5-1.0) associated endotoxin. The endotoxin concentration was found significantly different (p \ 0.05) in summer and winter season, but no significant (p [ 0.05) difference was found in monsoon and autumn seasons at all the sections.
S. Maharia A. Srivastava (&) School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110 067, India e-mail: [email protected]
Keywords Endotoxin Sewage treatment plant Particulate matter Season Delhi
1 Introduction Atmospheric air is a major component of the environment, and it has limited self-purification ability. Therefore, there is a need for its maximum protection. Fresh air is an important issue for the healthy life of human being, but rapid industrialization, urbanization and transportation facilities developments lead to many problems, especially the air pollution throughout the world (Douwes et al. 2003). With the rapid economic growth, Delhi has faced environment degradation from stationary sources as well as an extensive vehicular transportation network. Apart from vehicular, the other important sources are construction activities and emissions from landfills as well as from sewage treatment plants (STPs). Bioaerosols generated by the different sections of sewage treatment plants act as primary source of air pollution (Karra and Katsivela 2007). Bioaerosols are rich source of pollutants containing pathogenic bacteria, spores of filamentous fungi, viruses, endotoxin or as well as their metabolites products (Gerardi and Zimmerman 2005). Endotoxins are essential components of bioaerosol associated with dust particles in different
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Aerobiologia
environments. They are major component of Gramnegative bacterial cell wall and produced during growth, division, death or lysis of a bacterial cell. End
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