Seasonal effects of intercropping on tree water use strategies in semiarid plantations: Evidence from natural and labell
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Seasonal effects of intercropping on tree water use strategies in semiarid plantations: Evidence from natural and labelling stable isotopes Gaopeng Huo & Xining Zhao & Xiaodong Gao & Shaofei Wang
Received: 5 April 2019 / Accepted: 25 February 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Aims Intercropping in plantations can improve ecosystem services, but its potential effects on trees’ water use and production are concerns due to increases in water scarcity related to climate change. The aim of this study was to address these concerns by exploring water uptake responses of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) trees to intercropping and extremely dry periods on the semiarid Loess Plateau of China. Methods Natural stable isotopes (2H and 18O) were analysed to characterize water use patterns of jujube trees and intercrops in the main tree and crop root overlap layer (ROL, 0–120 cm). 10% stable deuterated water was injected at three targeted depths (2, 3 and 4 m) to characterize the water uptake of jujube trees below the main root overlap layers (BOL). Results In ROL, intercropped jujube trees obtained higher proportions of water in shallower and deeper
layers than monocultured jujube trees during wet and dry periods, respectively. Proportional contributions of soil layers to the trees’ water uptake were positively correlated with the layers’ water amount ratios (relative to the entire profile) in intercropped orchards but not in monoculture. In some extremely dry periods, intercropping resulted in jujube trees absorbing deeper water (up to 3 m) in BOL. Conclusions At the early stage of land-use change from plantation to agroforestry, intercrops induce jujube trees to absorb higher proportions of water from soil layers with high proportions of total water contents in ROL. The soil water in BOL is an important buffer for maintaining water supplies for tree growth in agroforestry systems in case of extreme drought. Keywords Agroforestry systems . Natural and stableisotope-labelling techniques . Water uptake patterns . Extreme drought
Responsible Editor: Zhun Mao. G. Huo : X. Zhao : X. Gao : S. Wang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi Province, China G. Huo SYSTEM, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, CIHEAM, INRAE, Montpellier Supagro, 34000 Montpellier, France X. Zhao (*) : X. Gao Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, No. 26, Xinong Road, Yangling 712100 Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China e-mail: [email protected]
Introduction One of the main strategies for addressing the problems and enhancing the ecosystem services of degraded landscapes is to establish plantations (Feng et al. 2005; Payn et al. 2015). However, the effectiveness of tree monocultures is often compromised by their simple structures and associated limitations of ecological functions, such as carbon sequestration, soil conservation, water retention and ecological stability (
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