Secure 3D data hiding technique based on a mesh traversal algorithm
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Secure 3D data hiding technique based on a mesh traversal algorithm Sara Farrag1 · Wassim Alexan1 Received: 11 November 2019 / Revised: 11 July 2020 / Accepted: 28 July 2020 / © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Due to its powerful ability to conceal secret data inside an unsuspicious cover object, image steganography has emerged as an active field of research. Recently, a lot of advancements in relation to software and hardware have been carried out, allowing for faster processing of 3D image models. In turn, this has paved the way for 3D image steganography. This paper proposes a novel approach of secure and reversible data hiding in 3D mesh models. The proposed approach employs a mesh traversal algorithm that is based on the shortest distances between neighboring vertices of the mesh. The fourth and fifth decimal places of the Cartesian coordinate vertices after the decimal point are modified to hide the secret data. The proposed approach is evaluated in terms of a number of metrics and is shown to outperform its counterparts from the literature. Keywords Security · Steganography · Traversal order · 3D models · Geometrical domain based steganography.
1 Introduction During the last few years, great progress in the area of digital communications and computerized media has been accomplished. Those big advances have evolved continuously with the development of steganography for computerized media, for instance: text, images, audio files, video files, 3D models and so forth [8–10, 12–14, 16, 17, 23, 25, 27, 28, 32, 33]. Steganography is the art or science of concealing secret data such as an image, a message or a video inside another type of media such that the existence of secret information is neither recognizable nor detectable with the human eye [26]. Lately, 3D modeling has become the core of a multitude of applications such as video games, movies, illustrations, as well as commercial advertising [7]. Consequently, 3D models can be utilized as innocent Sara Farrag
[email protected] Wassim Alexan [email protected] 1
Faculty of Information Engineering and Technology, The German University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
Multimedia Tools and Applications
and non–suspicious media for hiding secret messages [2]. A polygon primitive, for instance a mesh, is composed of a number of vertices, edges as well as faces which decide on the 3D object shape. The aim of 3D image steganography is to hide secret data within vertices, edges and/or faces of an innocent non–suspicious looking 3D object [34]. As a result of the wide range of using 3D models, 3D image steganography has become an attractive field of research [19]. The main cause of the latest research contributions in 3D image steganography instead of 2D image steganography is due to the very large numbers of vertices provided in 3D images, which can be utilized in hiding secret data of extremely higher capacity [11, 20]. 3D image steganography techniques can be performed in both the spatial and frequency domains
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