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nsactions on Engineering Technologies

Transactions on Engineering Technologies

Sio-Iong Ao Gi-Chul Yang Len Gelman •

Editors

Transactions on Engineering Technologies

123

Editors Sio-Iong Ao International Association of Engineers Hong Kong Hong Kong

Len Gelman Cranfield University Cranfield, Bedfordshire UK

Gi-Chul Yang Department of Multimedia Engineering Mokpo National University Chonnam Korea, Republic of (South Korea)

ISBN 978-981-10-1087-3 DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-1088-0

ISBN 978-981-10-1088-0

(eBook)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2016931995 © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Science+Business Media Singapore Pte Ltd.

Preface

A large international conference on Advances in Engineering Technologies and Physical Science was held in London, UK, 1–3 July 2015, under the World Congress on Engineering 2015 (WCE 2015). The WCE 2015 is organized by the International Association of Engineers (IAENG); the Congress details are available at: http://www.iaeng.org/WCE2015. IAENG is a non-profit international association for engineers and computer scientists, which was found originally in 1968. The World Congress on Engineering serves as good platforms for the engineering community to meet with each other and to exchange ideas. The conferences have also struck a balance between theoretical and application development. The conference committees have been formed with over three hundred committee members who are mainly research center heads, faculty deans, department heads, professors, and research scientists from over 30 countries. The congress is truly global international event with a high level of participation from many countries. The response to the congress has been excellent. There have been more than 700 manuscript submissions for the WCE 2015. All submitted papers have gone through the peer-