Segmented Labor, Fractured Politics Labor Politics in American Life

My curiosity and concern about the working class in America stems from childhood memories of my father, a cabinetmaker, and of my oldest brother, an autoworker, who were passionately involved in the labor movement. Perhaps because they so wanted the worki

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PLENUM STUDIES IN WORK AND INDUSTRY Series Editors: Ivar Berg, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Arne L. Kalleberg, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina WORK AND INDUSTRY Structures, Markets, and Processes Arne L. Kalleberg and Ivar Berg Current Volumes in the Series: THE BUREAUCRATIC LABOR MARKET The Case of the Federal Civil Service Thomas A. DiPrete THE EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP Causes and Consequences of Modem Personnel Administration William P. Bridges and Wayne J. Villemez ENRICHING BUSINESS ETHICS Edited by Clarence C. Walton LABOR AND POLITICS IN THE U.S. POSTAL SERVICE Vern K. Baxter LIFE AND DEATH AT WORK Industrial Accidents as a Case of Socially Produced Error Tom Dwyer NEGRO BUSINESS AND BUSINESS EDUCATION Their Present and Prospective Development Joseph A. Pierce Introduction by John Sibley Butler THE OPERATION OF INTERNAL LABOR MARKETS Staffing Practices and Vacancy Chains Law^rence T. Pinfield SEGMENTED LABOR, FRACTURED POLITICS Labor Politics in American Life William Form THE STATE AND THE LABOR MARKET Edited by Samuel Rosenberg WHEN STRIKES MAKE SENSE—AND WHY Lessons from Third Republic French Coal Miners Samuel Cohn A Chronological Listing of Volumes in this series appears at the back of this volume. A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume inunediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher.

Segmented Labor, Fractured Politics Labor Politics in American Life

William Form The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio

Plenum Press • New York and London

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data On file

ISBN 0-306-45031-3 ©1995 Plenuni Press, New York A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher Printed in the United States of America

To Cathy Sternberg Nancy Rytina Steven Rytina Helen Land

Preface

My curiosity and concern about the working class in America stems from childhood memories of my father, a cabinetmaker, and of my oldest brother, an autoworker, who were passionately involved in the labor movement. Perhaps because they so wanted the working class to achieve greater social and economic justice and because they insisted it was not happening, I became curious to know the reasons why. Without even being aware of it, I began to explore a possible explanation—the internal diversity of the working class. In my studies of autoworkers (the prototype proletarians) in the United States, Italy, Argentina, and India, I discovered that they seemed to be more divided economically, socially, and politically in the more economically advanced countries—an idea that ran contrary to the