Seismic finite element analysis of non-homogeneous embankment located in asymmetric valley
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TECHNICAL PAPER
Seismic finite element analysis of non‑homogeneous embankment located in asymmetric valley Navid Alavi1 · Abdolreza S. Moghadam2 · Arash Rostami3 · Nima Asghari4 Received: 8 January 2020 / Accepted: 27 June 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Seismic dynamic analysis of earth dams is usually performed with two-dimensional cross sections. Since in some situations, the three-dimensional performance of the dam and its supports such as asymmetric shape of the valley can be very influential in the results, thus in this paper the seismic dynamic behavior of earth dam with symmetrical and asymmetrical shapes of the construction site in relation to length to height different will be examined. For seismic analysis of the dam, its model was first simulated in ABAQUS FE software and then a dynamic time-history analysis was performed by applying Manjil earthquake record in three directions (x, y and z). The results showed that the geometrical shape of the valley especially in the narrow valleys and its asymmetrical shape had a significant effect on the dynamic response of the embankment dams. It was also observed that in asymmetric valleys where the ratio of crest length to dam height is greater than 5, the difference between the results of two-dimensional and three-dimensional analyzes will be minimized. Keywords Earth dam · Asymmetric valley · Three-dimensional analysis · Seismic behavior
Introduction Earth dams are gigantic and three-dimensional structures. And as long as the ratio of the crown length toward the dam height is large, plain strain behavior applies with them. On other hand, for dams built in narrow and asymmetrical
* Arash Rostami [email protected] Navid Alavi [email protected] Abdolreza S. Moghadam [email protected] Nima Asghari [email protected] 1
Department of Civil Engineering, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
2
Structural Engineering Research Center, International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES), Tehran, Iran
3
Department of Civil Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
4
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
valleys, three-dimensional dynamic behavior must be considered [1]. In 2002, Elgamala et al. assessed the 3D seismic behavior of La Villita dam which is an earth dam in Mexico, under 5 different earthquake records. They calculated the acceleration and displacement according to nonlinear soil behavior modulus [2]. Gazetas and Dakoulas [3] mentioned that for dams with a narrow valley, 2D analysis according to plain strains cannot show the real dam behavior, and meanwhile they also studied the alluvial layer effect on natural periods and crown acceleration in forced harmonic vibration. In 1981, Koh et al. [4] evaluated the longitudinal vibration characteristics of a heterogeneous earth dam with a rectangular valley during an earthquake and determined the axial and shear strains and stresses parallel to the
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