Selected Aerothermodynamic Design Problems of Hypersonic Flight Vehicles
This volume addresses selected aerothermodynamic design problems for three vehicle classes: winged reentry, non-winged reentry, and airbreathing hypersonic flight vehicles. Following an introductory chapter, the book presents the basics of flight trajecto
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Ernst Heinrich Hirschel · Claus Weiland
Selected Aerothermodynamic Design Problems of Hypersonic Flight Vehicles
ABC
Prof. Dr. Ernst Heinrich Hirschel Herzog-Heinrich-Weg 6 85604 Zorneding Germany Email: [email protected] Dr. Claus Weiland Föhrenstrasse 90 83052 Bruckmühl Germany Email: [email protected]
Jointly published with the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) ISBN 978-3-540-89973-0
e-ISBN 978-3-540-89974-7
DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-89974-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2008942039 c 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: Scientific Publishing Services Pvt. Ltd., Chennai, India. Coverdesign: eStudio Calamar, Berlin Printed in acid-free paper 987654321 springer.com
Preface
Hypersonic flight and aerothermodynamics are fascinating topics. Design problems and aerothermodynamic phenomena are partly very different for the various kinds of hypersonic flight vehicles. These are—and will be in the future—winged and non-winged re-entry vehicles as well as airbreathing cruise and acceleration and also ascent and re-entry vehicles. Both authors of the book worked for almost four decades in hypersonics: at the German aerospace research establishment (DVL/DFVLR, now DLR) to the end of the 1970s, then in industry (MBB/Dasa, now EADS). They were involved in many major technology programs and projects. First, in the early 1970s, the German ART program (Association for Re-Entry Technologies), and, in the 1980s, the European (ESA) HERMES project and the ¨ German Hypersonics Technology (SANGER) program. Then followed, in the 1990s, the Future European Space Transportation Investigations program (FESTIP), the Manned Space Transportation program (MSTP) with the Atmospheric Re-Entry Demonstrator (ARD), the X-CRV Project with the X-38 vehicle and, later, the German technology programs TETRA (Technologies for Future Space Transportation Systems), ASTRA (Selected Systems and Technologies for Future Space Transportation Systems Applications), and IMENS (Integrated Multidisciplinary Design of Hot Structures for Space Vehicles). Research in the 1960s and 1970s placed great emphasis on low-density flows, high temperature real gas effects in grou