Selectivity of SO 2 and H 2 S removal by ethanol-treated calcined eggshell at low temperature
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Selectivity of SO2 and H2S removal by ethanol-treated calcined eggshell at low temperature Waseem Ahmad 1 & Sumathi Sethupathi 1 & Gobi Kanadasan 1 & Nursashabila Iberahim 1 Received: 3 January 2020 / Accepted: 30 March 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Eggshell is a food waste produced worldwide in substantial amount with very limited recycling activity. In this study, the potential of ethanol-treated calcined eggshell was tested as sorbent for SO2 and H2S. Three variables were selected in the preparation of sorbents via response surface methodology (RSM), i.e., concentration of ethanol in water (50%, 70%, 90%), reaction temperature (20 °C, 40 °C, 60 °C), and contact time (30, 60, 90 min). Central composite design (CCD) was used to develop a quadratic model to correlate the operating variables with the adsorption capacity. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to identify the significant factors of the experimental design. It was found that the reaction temperature during the sorbent preparation was the most significant factor. The optimum preparation conditions using RSM were found at 20 °C of reaction temperature with 76.37% of ethanol concentration for 67 min of reaction time. The maximum adsorption capacity for the optimized sorbent was found to be 27.75 mg/g and 9.55 mg/g for SO2 and H2S, respectively. The prepared sorbent was more selective towards SO2 compared with H2S. Moreover, the presence of 40% of relative humidity in the inlet gas further enhanced the adsorption capacity of both gases. The ethanol-treated calcined eggshell was further substantiated by FESEM, BET, FTIR, XRD, and XRF. Results showed potential usage of eggshell as a sorbent for SO2 and H2S gases. Keywords Hydrogen sulfide . Sulfur dioxide . Eggshell . Ethanol . Adsorption
Introduction Energy is going to play a defining role in the ongoing industrial revolution 4.0. Up to the year 2016, 80% of electricity was generated from fossil fuels, despite many efforts to replace it Highlights • Eco-friendly sorbents from waste eggshell for SO2 and H2S removal. • Ethanol-treated calcined eggshell was more selective for SO2 compared with H2S. • Ethanol-treated calcined eggshell performed best at low temperature with relative humidity. Responsible editor: Tito Roberto Cadaval Jr Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08671-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Sumathi Sethupathi [email protected] 1
Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
with renewable sources (Park et al. 2019). Among the fossil fuels, coal causes air pollution during its combustion (Li et al. 2018). Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are two types of flue gases generated by coal-based power plants. H2S, however, quickly oxidizes to SO2 during the combustion process. These air pollutants cause acid rai
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