Self-Assembled Quantum Dots
In recent years, the field of self-assembled quantum dots has shown great promise for nanoscale applications in optoelectronics and quantum computing. Worldwide efforts in both theory and experimental investigations have driven the growth, characterizatio
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LECTURE NOTES IN NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Series Editors: Zhiming M. Wang, Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA Andreas Waag, Institut für Halbleitertechnik, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany Gregory Salamo, Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA Naoki Kishimoto, Quantum Beam Center, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
Volumes Published in this Series: Volume 1: Self-Assembled Quantum Dots, Wang, Z.M., 2008 Volume 2: Nanoscale Phenomena: Basic Science to Device Applications, Tang, Z., and Sheng, P., 2008 Forthcoming Titles: Volume 3: One-Dimensional Nanostructures, Wang, Z.M., 2008 Volume 4: Epitaxial Semiconductor Nanostructures, Wang, Z.M., and Salamo, G., 2008 Volume 5: B-C-N Nanotubes and Related Nanostructures, Yap, Y.K., 2008 Volume 6: Towards Functional Nanomaterials, Wang, Z.M., 2008
Self-Assembled Quantum Dots
Zhiming M. Wang Editor University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
Series Editors: Zhiming M. Wang Department of Physics University of Arkansas Fayetteville, AR USA
Andreas Waag Institut für Halbleitertechnik TU Braunsweig Braunschweig Germany
Gregory Salamo Department of Physics University of Arkansas Fayetteville, AR USA
Naoki Kishimoto Quantum Beam Center National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
ISBN-13: 978-0-387-74190-1
e-ISBN-13: 978-0-387-74191-8
Library of Congress Control Number: 2007939826 c 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com
Preface
Self-Assembled Quantum Dots, commonly referred to as self-organized quantum dots, form spontaneously under certain growth conditions during molecularbeam epitaxy or metal organic chemical vapor deposition, as a consequence of lattice-mismatch between the deposited material (generally semiconductors) and underlying substrate. The resulting semiconductor nanostructures consist of threedimensional islands standing on a two-dimensional wetting layer. Such islands can be subsequently buried to realize quantum confinement. In the past 15 years, selfassembled quantum dots have provided vast opportunities for physical research and technological applications, including quantum cryptography, quantum computing, optics and optoelectronics. The prese
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