Self-Consistent Approximations

Even for a few particles the Schrödinger equation is prohibitively difficult to solve. Hence it is important to have approximations which work in various regimes. One such approximation, which has a nice unifying theme and connects to large areas of physi

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Stephen J. Gustafson Israel Michael Sigal

Mathematical Concepts of Quantum Mechanics Third Edition

Universitext Series Editors Sheldon Axler, San Francisco, USA Carles Casacuberta, Barcelona, Spain John Greenlees, Coventry, UK Angus MacIntyre, London, UK Kenneth Ribet, Berkeley, USA Claude Sabbah, Palaiseau, France Endre Süli, Oxford, UK Wojbor A. Woyczyński, Cleveland, USA

Universitext is a series of textbooks that presents material from a wide variety of mathematical disciplines at master’s level and beyond. The books, often well classtested by their author, may have an informal, personal even experimental approach to their subject matter. Some of the most successful and established books in the series have evolved through several editions, always following the evolution of teaching curricula, into very polished texts. Thus as research topics trickle down into graduate-level teaching, first textbooks written for new, cutting-edge courses may make their way into Universitext. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/223

Stephen J. Gustafson · Israel Michael Sigal

Mathematical Concepts of Quantum Mechanics 3rd edition

Stephen J. Gustafson Department of Mathematics University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada

Israel Michael Sigal Department of Mathematics University of Toronto Toronto, Canada

ISSN 0172-5939 ISSN 2191-6675  (electronic) Universitext ISBN 978-3-030-59561-6 ISBN 978-3-030-59562-3  (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59562-3 Mathematics Subject Classification: 81S22, 81Q10, 81Q15, 81S40, 81S30, 81Q20, 81U05, 81U10, 81T17, 35Q40, 35Q70, 35P25, 35P15, 47A40, 47A11, 47A40, 47A75 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2003, 2011, 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The register