Self-employed and Employed Mothers in Latin American Families: Are There Differences in Paid Work, Unpaid Work, and Chil
- PDF / 774,064 Bytes
- 18 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 38 Downloads / 175 Views
ORIGINAL PAPER
Self‑employed and Employed Mothers in Latin American Families: Are There Differences in Paid Work, Unpaid Work, and Child Care? Juan Carlos Campaña1 · J. Ignacio Giménez‑Nadal2,4 · José Alberto Molina2,3 Published online: 20 January 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract We analyzed the time self-employed and employed mothers from Mexico, Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia devoted to paid work, unpaid work, and child care, finding that self-employed mothers devoted less time to paid work, and more time to unpaid work and child care, compared to employed mothers in those countries, and that self-employed mothers in Mexico, Ecuador, and Colombia devoted comparatively more time to educational child care, compared to employed mothers. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that working mothers may choose self-employment as a way to improve their work-life balance. Keywords Latin America · Self-employment · Child care · Work-life balance
Introduction Recent decades have seen an increase in the participation of women in the labor market in Latin American countries, reflected in an increase in female labor force participation rates (World Bank 2019). But women still devote comparatively more time to unpaid work and care, compared to men, which results in a disproportionate unpaid workload for women in households (Montaño and Calderon 2010; Anxo et al. 2011; Öun 2013; Canelas and Salazar 2014). This marked, gendered, division of labor in Latin American countries imposes large constraints on women’s time and may create what has been called the “second shift” or “double-burden” on working women (Hochschild and Machung 1990; Schor 1991; Hochschild 1997; GimenezNadal and Sevilla 2011). Prior research has reported that in Mexico, Peru, and Ecuador, working women spend more Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-020-09660-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * J. Ignacio Giménez‑Nadal [email protected] 1
Nebrija University, Madrid, Spain
2
University of Zaragoza, BIFI, Zaragoza, Spain
3
IZA, Bonn, Germany
4
Economic Analysis Department, University of Zaragoza, C/ Gran Via, 2, 50005 Zaragoza, Spain
13
Vol:.(1234567890)
time in total work (the sum of the time devoted to paid work, unpaid work, and care) compared to working men (Campaña et al. 2018). Confronted with this “second burden”, working women are more likely to face psychological stress and see themselves as being less healthy than their counterparts who are not in this situation (Väänänen et al. 2005). Several authors have proposed self-employment as a strategy to reduce this second burden (Stephens and Feldman 1997; Arai 2000; Georgellis and Wall 2000; Walker and Webster 2007). In particular, self-employment may allow for better control over women’s own working time (Arai 2000; Wellington 2006; Beutell 2007; Hyytinen and Ruskanen 2007; Dawson et al. 2009; Gimenez-Nadal et al. 2012), in
Data Loading...
