Self-Organization and the City
Cities first came into existence more than five thousand years ago. How to deal with these partly fascinating, partly frightening creatures of mankind, both practically and intellectually, concerns all of us and, in particular, presents areal challenge to
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Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
Springer Series in Synergetics An ever increasing number of scientific disciplines deal with complex systems. These are systems that are composed of many parts which interact with one another in a more or less complicated manner. One of the most striking features of many such systems is their ability to spontaneously form spatial or temporal structures. A great variety of these structures are found, in both the inanimate and the living world. In the inanimate world of physics and chemistry, examples include the growth of crystals, coherent oscillations oflaser light, and the spiral structures formed in fluids and chemical reactions. In biology we encounter the growth of plants and animals (morphogenesis) and the evolution of species. In medicine we observe, for instance, the electromagnetic activity of the brain with its pronounced spatio-temporal structures. Psychology deals with characteristic features ofhuman behavior ranging from simple pattern recognition tasks to complex patterns of social behavior. Examples from sociology include the formation of public opinion and cooperation or competition between social groups. In recent decades, it has become increasingly evident that all these seemingly quite different kinds of structure formation have a number of important features in common. The task of studying analogies as weil as differences between structure formation in these different fields has proved to be an ambitious but highly rewarding endeavor. The Springer Series in Synergetics provides a forum for interdisciplinary research and discussions on this fascinating new scientific challenge. It deals with both experimental and theoretical aspects. The scientific community and the interested layman are becoming ever more conscious of concepts such as self-organization, instabilities, deterministic chaos, nonlinearity, dynamical systems, stochastic processes, and complexity. All of these concepts are facets of a field that tackles complex systems, namely synergetics. Students, research workers, university teachers, and interested laymen can find the details and latest developments in the Springer Series in Synergetics, which publishes textbooks, monographs and, occasionally, proceedings. As witnessed by the previously published volumes, this series has always been at the forefront of modern research in the above mentioned fields. It includes textbooks on all aspects of this rapidly growing field, books which provide a sound basis for the study of complex systems.
Series Editor Hermann Haken Institut für Theoretische Physik und Synergetik der Universität Stuttgart D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
and Center for Complex Systems Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
Advisory Board
Äke Andersson
Luigi Lugiato
Royal Institute ofTechnology Department of Infrastructure and Planning (RP) S-lO044 Stockholm, Sweden
Dipartimento di Fisica Universita degli Studi di Milano Via Celoria 16 I -20133 Milan, Italy
Heinrich E. Fiedler
Jürgen Parisi
Technische Universität
