Self-organization model for a cell system: Ferroelectric, ferroelastic, and magnetic states and related phase transition
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ATTICE DYNAMICS AND PHASE TRANSITIONS
SelfOrganization Model for a Cell System: Ferroelectric, Ferroelastic, and Magnetic States and Related Phase Transitions V. S. Vikhnina and L. K. Paninab a
Ioffe PhysicalTechnical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia b St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia Received May 5, 2010
Abstract—A model is proposed to explain the stability, phase state transformations, and coexistence of dif ferent phases for fungi cell ensembles (in particular, dimorphism and lineartospiral structure transitions with the Earth’s magnetic field screened). This model is based on (i) cellconnected soft polarization modes induced by charge compensation and related ferroelectric and ferroelastic phase transitions and (ii) intracell mobile orbit–spin–lattice clusters with competitive ferromagnetic–diamagnetic behavior and with orbit– lattice and spin–lattice interactions. This model makes it possible to explain the structural and magnetic properties of the systems under consideration. In particular, the Lifshitz invariants in the free energy explain the formation of orbit–lattice and spin–lattice spiral and ringtype structures that are formed when the Earth’s magnetic field is effectively screened. The model proposed is not restricted to mitochondria, contain ing orbit–spin–lattice clusters based on the Fe3+/Fe2+ states (considered here). DOI: 10.1134/S1063774510070242
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Two main problems are considered in this study. The first is the establishment of the nature of mutual transformation of the phases of cell ensembles and the related phase transitions in the case of polymorphism. One example is the dimorphism of fungi [1], where cells can form both quasilinear structures (mycelial M phase) and closely packed highsymmetry struc tures (yeast or Y phase); these structures are interre lated by transitions. The second problem is determin ing the nature of a recently found [2] spiral structure of fungi cells in the mycelial phase, which arises when the Earth’s magnetic field (EMF) is effectively (almost completely) screened. These problems are studied within the approaches developed in the physics of phase transitions and magnetic phenomena. THE PHYSICAL MECHANISMS THAT THE CONSIDERATION IS BASED ON In the first part of this study, we will take into account the formation of order parameters for the fer roelastic and ferroelectric phase transitions in cells and in the quasilinear sequence of fungi cells (referred to as gifs) in the M phase. Electrostriction plays an important role in both cases, and in the former case the driving process is the interaction between cell vibrations and acoustic phonons in mem branes, which generates soft acoustic phonons. Note that, within the model proposed, bound fer roelastic and ferroelectric states may decompose and the corresponding phase transitions can be sup
pressed. This occurs when the concentration of posi tive ions, which compensate for the initial negative cell charge,
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