Semantic Web Services
A paradigm shift is taking place in computer science: one generation ago, we learned to abstract from hardware to software, now we are abstracting from software to serviceware implemented through service-oriented computing. Yet ensuring interoperability i
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Dieter Fensel Federico Michele Facca Elena Simperl Ioan Toma
Semantic Web Services
Prof. Dieter Fensel Dr. Federico Michele Facca Ioan Toma STI Innsbruck, ICT-Technologiepark University of Innsbruck Technikerstr. 21a 6020 Innsbruck Austria [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
Dr. Elena Simperl Institute AIFB, Building 11.40 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Englerstr. 11 76128 Karlsruhe Germany [email protected]
ISBN 978-3-642-19192-3 e-ISBN 978-3-642-19193-0 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-19193-0 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011927266 ACM Computing Classification (1998): H.3.5, D.2.12, I.2, J.1 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: deblik Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
All students interested in researching the Internet are living in very interesting and exciting times. From the Internet’s beginning in the 1960s up to the present day, the Internet has grown to become a vast platform where there are now 2 billion users of this global infrastructure.1 Predictions are that this number will rise to over 4 billion with the advent of the Mobile Internet, providing access to the Internet via mobile devices including mobile phones. We are also witnessing a number of other trends which are driving the popular use of the Internet. Firstly, we have the Web, which now contains over 1 trillion resources with over 10 million added each day. At the end of 2009 alone, there were 234 million websites of which 47 million were added in the year. Secondly, we have the Web 2.0 phenomenon where the focus is on prosumers who play a dual role of consumer and producer. Enabling the general community to create and publish online material has facilitated the creation of content at unprecedented rates. For example, the current upload to Flickr is equivalent to 30 billion new photos per year and YouTube now serves over 1 billion videos per day. A final, general Internet phenomena, has been the rise of user generated applications on mobile devices as exemplified by Apple’s iPhone and iPad Apps within the iTunes Store. The combin
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