Semantics
The focus of this textbook is the meaning of linguistic expressions, typically full sentences and longer texts. The author describes the conceptual and formal tools required for building semantic systems capable of understanding text, both for specific ta
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Semantics
Semantics
András Kornai
Semantics
András Kornai SZTAKI Institute of Computer Science Budapest, Hungary
ISBN 978-3-319-65644-1 ISBN 978-3-319-65645-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65645-8 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
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Preface
Semantics is the study of meaning. Except for the last chapter, the primary focus of the book is the meaning of linguistic expressions, typically full sentences and longer texts, as opposed to the meaning of computer programs, mathematical formulas, or broader semiotic concerns. In everyday use ‘semantics’ refers more to the meaning of words, in fact the Urban Dictionary defines semantics as The study of discussing the meaning/interpretation of words or groups of words within a certain context; usually in order to win some form of argument. Now come on, let’s not get bogged down in semantics. The field can be equally viewed as a chapter of linguistics, computer science, philosophy, or cognitive science, and to a certain extent the organization of this book will reflect this ambiguity by specifically marking some paragraphs on the margin as Ling and Comp, and occasionally as Phil or CogSci. Since no person can be expected to be an expert in all these fields, the prerequisites for each will be discussed separately. Who should read this book Our aim is to present the conceptual and formal tools required for building semantic systems capable of understanding text, both for specific tasks such as information extraction and question answering and for broad undertakings such as the semantic web. Our goal here is to present the fundamental ideas that working systems rest on, and our
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