Semi-experimental evaluation for radon exhalation rate and excess lifetime cancer risk from potential radon exposure for
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Semi‑experimental evaluation for radon exhalation rate and excess lifetime cancer risk from potential radon exposure for using fly ash building materials Ba Ngoc Vu1,3 · Thien Ngoc Bui2,3 · Phong Thu Nguyen Huynh1,3 · Hao Cong Le1,2,3 · Phuong Truc Huynh2,3 · Hong Loan Thi Truong1,2,3 Received: 11 April 2020 / Accepted: 1 September 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract In this work, the radon exhalation, annual effective dose and excess lifetime cancer risks due to the exposure of radon released from raw building materials containing fly ash of different fractions were evaluated. The 226Ra and 222Rn concentrations were evaluated by the measurements on HPGe gamma spectrometer, RAD 7 radon detector combined with model calculation of radon exhalation for standard rooms. The results indicated that the emanation fraction for fly ash is lower than the corresponding value for soils and rocks. The surveyed building materials of containing fly ash can result in an indoor radon concentration up to 1.7 Bq m−3 which is below the recommended value of 100 Bq m−3 by WHO, the annual effective dose increases from 0.007 to 0.022 mSv year−1, the excess lifetime cancer risks ranges from 0.027 × 10–3 to 0.085 × 10–3 with the ratio of 3.2 for the additional fly ash content in cement up to 75%. In the meanwhile, it has a down trend and influences inconsiderably on these parameters for sand. The obtained mean annual effective doses are lower than the dose limitation of 10 mSv year−1 recommended for occupational workers. Keywords Fly ash · Building material · Indoor radon · Emanation fraction · Annual effective dose · Excess lifetime cancer risks
Introduction The occupational workers and general public have been exposed to the natural radiation dose of radon and its shortlived decay products presenting in the environment. The estimated average annual exposure value of worldwide to the various components of natural radiation shows that 222Rn contributes as much as 50% of the overall radiation [34]. The effect of radon radiation on the human body is that it
* Hong Loan Thi Truong [email protected] 1
Nuclear Technique Laboratory, VNUHCM - University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
2
Department of Nuclear Physics ‑ Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Physics and Engineering Physics, VNUHCM - University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
3
Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
damages the lung cells, thus the lung cancer is the potential hazard posed by indoor radon inhalation. It’s noticed that heat and electricity generation in power stations leave a large amount of mineral matter presented in the original coal. Nearly 40.8% of the world’s electricity is produced from the combustion of coal [3]. Bottom ash and fly ash are the main solid waste of coal combustion in coal-fired power plant (CFPP). As reported by Blissett et al., 750 million tons of fly ash are discharged into the environment by thermal power stations per year worldwide [4]. It is technologically gene
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