Seminal Vesicle Cancer Invasion
Tumor extending into the seminal vesicles often do not produce hyperemia. Tumor may invade from central prostatic cancer of the base into the seminal vesicles or engulf the seminal vesicles from lateral large midgland tumors.
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Robert L. Bard
Dynamic ContrastEnhanced MRI Atlas of Prostate Cancer
With 614 Figures
Robert L. Bard, MD, DABR, MACR 121 East 60th St. New York NY 10022 USA
ISBN 978-3-540-78422-7
e-ISBN 978-3-540-78423-4
DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-78423-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2008938342 © 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer Verlag. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publishers cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about dosage and application contained in this book. In every individual case the user must check such information by consulting the relevant literature. Cover design: Frido Steinen-Broo, eStudio, Calamar, Spain Printed on acid-free paper 987654321 springer.com
Dedication
To my patients, whose courage showed me possiblity. To my wife, Loreto, whose vision generated reality.
Foreword
In the United States there were an estimated 218,890 new cases of prostate cancer in 2007 and an estimated 27,050 deaths from the disease. According to these figures, in the United States, prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men, fi accounting for almost 30% of all new cancers, and also the second leading cause of cancer death in men. A number of interesting and critically important issues need to be addressed in relation to prostate cancer, including: the reason why the disease is so frequent and ubiquitous; the role of PSA-based screening programmes; the utility of immediate versus delayed management of early cases; the rationale for surgery versus radiotherapy; and the optimal use of medical treatments. During the past decade, major improvements in staging have occurred as a result of new imaging approaches, such as MRI and PET. At the same time, treatments have evolved, with novel approaches in surgery (coelioscopic interventions, robotic-assisted prostatectomy, and alternative endoscopic resections), radiotherapy (conformational irradiation, IMRT), and systemic therapies (docetaxel as first-line chemotherapy in the hormone-refractory setting). fi It is well recognized that, while 60% of men aged 60 will be carrying small cancers in their prostate and the overall lifetime risk of developing prostate cancer is currently 1 in 7 and rapidly increasing, the chance of dying
