Sensors are Capable to Help in the Measurement of the Results of the Timed-Up and Go Test? A Systematic Review
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MOBILE & WIRELESS HEALTH
Sensors are Capable to Help in the Measurement of the Results of the Timed-Up and Go Test? A Systematic Review Vasco Ponciano 1,2 & Ivan Miguel Pires 3,4,5 & Fernando Reinaldo Ribeiro 1 & Susanna Spinsante 6 Received: 22 April 2019 / Accepted: 12 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The analysis of movements used in physiotherapy areas related to the elderly is becoming increasingly important due to factors such as the increase in the average life expectancy and the rate of elderly people over the whole population. In this systematic review, we try to determine how the inertial sensors embedded in mobile devices are exploited for the measurement of the different parameters involved in the Timed-Up and Go test. The results show the mobile devices equipped with onboard motion sensors can be exploited for these types of studies: the most commonly used sensors are the magnetometer, accelerometer and gyroscope available in consumer off-the-shelf smartphones. Other features typically used to evaluate the Timed-Up and Go test are the time duration, the angular velocity and the number of steps, allowing for the recognition of some diseases as well as the measurement of the subject’s performance during the test execution. Keywords Timed-Up and Go test measurement . Inertial sensors . Elderly people . Physiotherapy . Physical exercises . Systematic review . Mobile devices
Introduction People with disabilities or elderly people are two important groups that technology can benefit. Currently, around 9% of the world’s population is aged 65 and above, and around 10% of the world’s population lives with a disability [1, 2]. This is an important matter because in countries with life expectancy over 70 years of age, people spend on average about 8 years, or 11.5% of their life span, living with disabilities [1]. The
increasing number of elderly people is another cause for the increasing number of people with impairments [1]. Each year, in parallel with the number of elderly people, the use of digital technologies within this subset of the population increases too, to access information and to communicate in different spaces and times. The interest in the progress of medical sciences, the ability to use technology supports against health diseases, and to avoid specific problems in elderly people care, are growing as well [3].
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Mobile & Wireless Health * Vasco Ponciano [email protected]
2
Altranportugal, Lisbon, Portugal
3
Instituto de Telecomunicações, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
Ivan Miguel Pires [email protected]
4
Fernando Reinaldo Ribeiro [email protected]
Computer Science Department, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
5
UICISA:E Research Centre, School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
6
Department of Information Engineering, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
Susanna Spinsante [email protected]
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