Serum Vitamin D and Immunogenicity of Influenza Vaccination in the Elderly
Vaccination is the most effective preventive measure that reduces the risk of influenza and post-influenza complications. It prevents influenza-related hospitalizations and deaths in 50–60% and about 80% of patients aged over 65, respectively. There is th
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Serum Vitamin D and Immunogenicity of Influenza Vaccination in the Elderly Agata Sławin, Lidia B. Brydak , Zbigniew Doniec , Maria Bujnowska-Fedak , and Agnieszka Mastalerz-Migas Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective preventive measure that reduces the risk of influenza and post-influenza complications. It prevents influenza-related hospitalizations and deaths in 50–60% and about 80% of patients aged over 65, respectively. There is the clinical plausibility of the association between serum vitamin D (VIT D) content and viral respiratory infections. In this study, we addressed the issue of a vitamin D modulatory effect on the immune response to seasonal influenza vaccination in elderly persons. The study comprised 96 participants aged 60–75 during the 2016/17 epidemic season. After the determination of the baseline content of VIT D and antihemagglutinin antibodies (H1, H3, and HB), participants were vaccinated with a trivalent vaccine. The content of the anti-hemagglutinin antibodies was rechecked 4–5 weeks A. Sławin Family Doctor’s Practice Slawin Ltd., Kielczow, Poland L. B. Brydak Department of Influenza Research, National Influenza Center, National Institute of Public Health- National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland Z. Doniec Department of Pneumonology, Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Rabka-Branch, Rabka-Zdroj, Poland M. Bujnowska-Fedak and A. Mastalerz-Migas (*) Department of Family Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland e-mail: [email protected]
afterward, showing inappreciable alterations. The negative findings of this study make the influence of serum VIT D content on the immunogenicity of influenza vaccination highly unlikely in elderly persons. Keywords
Antihemagglutinin antibodies · Immunogenicity · Influenza · Vaccination · Viral respiratory infection · Vitamin D
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Introduction
Influenza is a communicable disease of a seasonal nature, making it a global public health problem. Influenza vaccination is the most effective prophylactic measure for the prevention of influenza virus circulation in both the general population and risk groups. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), a notable risk group is the elderly, as the age-related deterioration of the immune function increases the danger of post-influenza complications and death. The influenza vaccination rate in the elderly is traditionally greater compared to younger age-groups, but it is highly variable. The Vaccine European New Integrated Collaboration Effort (VENICE) study revealed, between 2% and 80% of individuals aged over 65 underwent vaccination against influenza that in Europe in the 2008/
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09 season (Mereckiene et al. 2010). The Polish elderly population ranks close to the lower end of this range with about 8% of individuals vaccinated in the 2016/17 season (Łuniewska et al. 2019). The vaccination effectiveness decreases in the elderly, reaching just 17–53%, depending on the virus type of virus in a season,
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