Setting Up 3D Printing Services for Orthopaedic Applications: A Step-by-Step Guide and an Overview of 3DBioSphere
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Setting Up 3D Printing Services for Orthopaedic Applications: A Step‑by‑Step Guide and an Overview of 3DBioSphere Darshil Shah1 · Lokesh Naik1 · Bhawan Paunipagar2,3 · Darshana Rasalkar2,3 · Kshitij Chaudhary1 · Vaibhav Bagaria1 Received: 15 July 2020 / Accepted: 3 September 2020 © Indian Orthopaedics Association 2020
Abstract Introduction 3D printing has widespread applications in orthopaedics including creating biomodels, patient-specific instruments, implants, and developing bioprints. 3DGraphy or printing 3D models enable the surgeon to understand, plan, and simulate different procedures on it. Despite widespread applications in non-healthcare specialties, it has failed to gain traction in healthcare settings. This is perhaps due to perceived capital expenditure cost and the lack of knowledge and skill required to execute the process. Purpose This article is written with an aim to provide step-by-step instructions for setting up a cost-efficient 3D printing laboratory in an institution or standalone radiology centre. The article with the help of video modules will explain the key process of segmentation, especially the technique of edge detection and thresholding which are the heart of 3D printing. Conclusion This is likely to enable the practising orthopaedician and radiologist to set up a 3D printing unit in their departments or even standalone radiology centres at minimal startup costs. This will enable maximal utilisation of this technology that is likely to bring about a paradigm shift in planning, simulation, and execution of complex surgeries. Keywords Thresholding · 3D printing · 3DGraphy · Patient-specific instruments · Segmentation · 3D printers · 3D materials · 3D model · STL · 3D slicer
Introduction Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s43465-020-00254-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Vaibhav Bagaria [email protected] Darshil Shah [email protected] Lokesh Naik [email protected] Bhawan Paunipagar [email protected] Darshana Rasalkar [email protected] Kshitij Chaudhary [email protected] 1
Department of Orthopaedics, Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital, Mumbai, India
2
Department of Radiology, Akshay PET-CT, Akshay CT, Sai MRI Scans, Sangli, India
3
Department of Radiology, Akshay CT and Sai MRI Scans, Sangli, Kolhapur, India
Radiography is a technique to visualize the internal structure of the human body using ionizing or non-ionizing radiation. Similarly, the term 3Dgraphy has been coined by us to describe the technique of producing 3D printed biomodel of human anatomical structures [1]. Such biomodels are invaluable for the clinician for surgical planning and simulation. The information obtained by the tactile understanding of a real-size 3D printed biomodel (tactile stereotaxy) is incomparable and is a useful adjunct for studying complex and rare pathoanatomy [2]. 3DGraphy is a technological evolution which began as an up
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