Shaping different carbon nano- and submicro-structures by alcohol chemical vapor deposition
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S. Bai and Z. Ying Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People’s Republic China
Jin-Bo Bai Laboratory of Mechanics of Soils, Structures and Materials, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8579, Ecole Central Paris, 92295 Chatenay-Malabry, France
H.M. Chenga) Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China (Received 19 January 2006; accepted 31 March 2006)
A variety of carbon nano- and submicro-structures with spectacular morphologies such as spaghetti-like, dendritic, and segmented carbon fibers; carbon pillars; and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) was selectively synthesized by the alcohol chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The phase structure and morphologies were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), and Raman spectroscopy. The carbon structures could be controlled by adjusting the deposition position and the growth temperature. The formation mechanism of these carbon structures was discussed on the basis of the experimental results. The various CVD products obviously imply that the growth mechanism for our alcohol CVD process evolves from catalytic growth mode to pyrolytic carbon deposition mode. The obtained various carbon nano- and submicro-structures may be promising for applications in functional nanodevices.
I. INTRODUCTION
The “chemical genius” of carbon lies in the fact that it can bond in different ways to create different structures with entirely different properties. To date, various types of nanostructured carbon materials such as fullerene molecules,1 multi- and single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs),2,3 carbon onions,4 carbon cones,5 carbon nanohorns,6 and carbon trees7 have been synthesized and have received great attention due to their novel properties and potential applications in conventional and nanotechnological fields. Several methods have been developed for fabricating these nanostructrued carbon materials. The most widely used techniques are arc discharge, laser ablation, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), electron
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Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/JMR.2006.0305 2504 J. Mater. Res., Vol. 21, No. 10, Oct 2006 http://journals.cambridge.org Downloaded: 26 Nov 2014
beam irradiation, etc. The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of hydrocarbons is a low-cost and large-scale method to produce various forms of carbon nanostructures by adjusting carbon sources, catalysts, carrier gases, and reaction conditions. The variety of CVD products indicates that the microscopic processes occurring therein are rather complicated, and different carbon architectures follow different formation mechanisms.8 Recently, an effective CVD technique called alcohol CVD using alcohol vapor as a carbon source was developed to produce high-purity single-walled carb
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