Shared calls in repertoires of two locally distant gray parrots ( Psittacus erithacus )
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Shared calls in repertoires of two locally distant gray parrots (Psittacus erithacus) Tereza Roubalová 1
&
Nicolas Giret 2 & Dalila Bovet 3 & Richard Policht 4,5 & Jitka Lindová 1
Received: 7 January 2020 / Revised: 10 June 2020 / Accepted: 18 August 2020 # ISPA, CRL 2020
Abstract Parrots belong to the handful of animal species capable of vocal production learning. They are considered to be open-ended learners with complex and variable vocalizations. It is not known, however, to what extent their repertoires are shared among individuals within a group or between vocally isolated individuals or groups. In study 1, we mapped the repertoire of four captive African gray parrots (Psittacus erithacus) using a combination of three acoustic analyses. In study 2, we compared the repertoire of two female African gray parrots from two different laboratories who had never been in vocal contact with each other or any member of the other parrot’s social group. Results of study 1 showed a relatively large agreement between all three methods used to analyze the vocalizations. Almost three quarters (72.8%) of categories determined by visual-acoustic analysis were confirmed by at least one of the two computer-aided methods used, i.e., by spectrographic cross-correlation and/or a multiparametric statistical method. In study 2, we found a relatively large proportion of calls shared between the repertoires of the two gray parrot subjects. Over half and over a fourth of calls produced by parrots with the smaller and the larger repertoire, respectively, were shared between the two. No previous study identified such a large proportion of intergroup shared calls within this parrot species. It seems that some calls tend to reappear in vocally isolated groups based on inherited predispositions, similarly as has been documented in songbirds. Keywords Vocal learning . African gray parrot . Vocalization . Spectrographic cross-correlation
Introduction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10211-020-00350-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Tereza Roubalová [email protected] 1
Faculty of Humanities, Charles University, Pátkova 2137/5, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
2
Neuroscience Paris Saclay Institute, UMR9197 CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
3
Laboratoire Ethologie Cognition Développement, UPL, Univ Paris Nanterre, F92000 Nanterre, France
4
Department of Ethology, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00 Prague-Uhříněves, Czech Republic
5
Department of Game Management and Wildlife Biology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic
Social vocal production learning, which takes place when individuals modify their vocalizations by imitating others (Janik and Slater 2000), requires complex neural adaptations (Jarvis 2004), and is considered relatively rare. So far, it has been i
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